澳大利亞能源資源評估Australian Energy Resource Assessment

?這是對2010年發(fā)布的澳大利亞能源資源第一次國家評估的更新。這個(gè)評估提供了澳大利亞已查明的和潛在的能源資源的快照，從化石燃料和鈾到并回顧了可能影響澳大利亞未來(lái)能源使用的因素。?澳大利亞擁有豐富多樣的能源資源。自2010年以來(lái)，預計除石油外，不可再生能源資源有所增加。澳大利亞繼續擁有世界上最大的經(jīng)濟鈾資源，第四大煤炭（黑色和棕色）資源，以及常規和非常規天然氣資源。這一全球重要的資源基礎能夠滿(mǎn)足在接下來(lái)的幾年里，國內和增加的煤炭和天然氣出口需求，以及鈾出口幾十年。通過(guò)新的發(fā)現，有很好的潛力進(jìn)一步擴大資源基礎。確定原油、凝析油和液化石油氣資源更加有限，澳大利亞也越來(lái)越運輸燃料依賴(lài)進(jìn)口。?澳大利亞擁有豐富多樣的可再生能源資源（風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能、地熱能、水力、波浪能、潮汐能，生物能源）。水能資源已經(jīng)基本開(kāi)發(fā)完畢。2010年以來(lái)，風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能資源使用量已經(jīng)強勁增長(cháng)，而且還在繼續增長(cháng)。地熱和海洋能源資源仍大量存在未開(kāi)發(fā)?？稍偕茉纯梢源蟠笤黾影拇罄麃單磥?lái)的能源供應。?澳大利亞在可再生能源目標和倡議，如澳大利亞可再生能源署。?技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)和商業(yè)化，以提高能源開(kāi)采和使用效率，以及降低行業(yè)的排放強度，將在向低排放經(jīng)濟轉型中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。?澳大利亞的能源需求預計將在未來(lái)幾十年內增長(cháng)；然而，增長(cháng)率是預計會(huì )放緩。這種放緩的部分原因是預期的能源效率提高和更高的能源價(jià)格。預計主要燃料混合料將發(fā)生變化。盡管煤炭有望繼續主導澳大利亞

發(fā)電，向低排放燃料的轉變預計將導致天然氣和可再生能源的增加能源，特別是風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能。?澳大利亞的能源基礎設施集中在能源消耗最高和主要化石能源的地區燃料能源資源所在地。更多地利用新能源，特別是可再生能源，將需要更靈活和分散的電網(wǎng)。

? This is an update to the first national assessment of Australia’s energy resources released in 2010. This assessment  provides a snapshot of Australia’s identified and potential energy resources—ranging from fossil fuels and uranium to  renewables—and reviews the factors likely to influence the future use of Australia’s energy resources. ? Australia has an abundance and diversity of energy resources. Since 2010, the estimated total demonstrated  non-renewable energy resources, with the exception of oil, has increased. Australia continues to have the world’s  largest economic uranium resources, the fourth largest coal (black and brown) resources, and substantial  conventional and unconventional gas resources. This globally significant resource base is capable of meeting  both domestic and increased export demand for coal and gas, and uranium exports, during the next several  decades. There is good potential for further growth of the resource base through new discoveries. Identified  resources of crude oil, condensate and liquefied petroleum gas are more limited, and Australia is increasingly  reliant on imports for transport fuels.  ? Australia has a rich diversity of renewable energy resources (wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, wave, tidal,  bioenergy). Hydro energy resources are already mostly developed. Since 2010, wind and solar energy resources  use has grown strongly, and is continuing to do so. Geothermal and ocean energy resources remain largely  undeveloped. Renewable energy resources could contribute significantly more to Australia’s future energy supply.  ? Australia’s transformation to lower emissions energy sources has commenced under the influence of the  renewable energy target and initiatives such as the Australian Renewable Energy Agency. ? Technology development and commercialisation to improve efficiency in the extraction and use of energy, and to  reduce the emissions intensity of the sector, will play a critical role in the transition to a lower emissions economy.  ? Australia’s energy demand is expected to rise during the next few decades; however, the rate of growth is  expected to slow. This slowing is partly due to expected energy efficiency improvements and higher energy  prices. The primary fuel mix is expected to change. Although coal is expected to continue to dominate Australia’s  electricity generation, a shift to lower emissions fuels is expected to result in increases in gas and renewable  energy—particularly wind and solar. ? Australia’s energy infrastructure is concentrated in areas where energy consumption is highest and major fossil  fuel energy resources are located. Greater use of new energy resources, particularly renewable energy sources,  will require more flexible and decentralised electricity grids.