The Analysis of The Happy Prince Based on Corpus

zwwx@overseaen.comISSN 1009- -5039htp:/www. overseaen.comOverseas English海外英語(yǔ)Tel:+86 -551- 6569081165690812The Analysis of The Happy Prince Based on CorpusLI Hui .(Sanmenxia Polytechnic, Sanmenxia 472000, China)Abstract:As a new and rising discipline, Corpus Linguistics can be applied in the field of literary criticism to analyze literary text.Analyzing“The Happy Prince” witten by the famous British writer Oscar Wilde with corpus can help reveal how the plot, por-traits of people and the thetorical devices express the theme of the story.Key words: Corpus Linguistics; Oscar Wilde; theme; potraits of people; thetorical devices中圖分類(lèi)號:1106文獻標識碼:A文章編 號: 1009- 5039(2014)18 -0177-021 Introductionta are processed inSPSS 13.0.Corpus Linguisties has been a new scholarly enterprise with 3 The Theme of the Happy Princethe compilation and analysis of corpora stored in computerized da-According to data analyzing, the first four content words in thetabases over the last three decades.. It is one of the sources of evi-Happy Prince are he, swallow, said and Prince in terms of the fre-dences for improving descriptions of the structure and use of lan-quency in the corpus of the Happy Prince. The W ordlist and someguages, and for various applications, including the processing ofnatural language by machine and understanding how to learn or1) uby on the table beside the woman's thimble. Then he flewteach a language.gently round the bed, fanning the boy's foOscar Wilde was born in Dublin, one of the most famous of2) y flapping his wings. But at last he knew that he was goingIrish expatriates. He attended Magdalen College, Oxford where he to die.acquired fame for his prize- winning poem“Ravenna”(1878) and3) w," said the Prince, "do as I command you." So he pluckedbecame known as the most favored student of John Rushin. As theout the Prince's other eye, and dartedleader of the“art-for -art' s sake”school of aesthetics, he was asso-4) in. Then he flew back and told the Prince what he hadciated with his famous symbols: a peacock feather, sunflower, blueseen. "I am covered with fine gold," saichina, and long hair and velveteen breeches. His first acclaimedThrough Wordlist analyzing, we can conclude that the firstplay was Lady Windermere' s Fan in 1892. 1893 fllowed A Wom- most frequently used word is“he”and the second is“sallw" andan of No Importance. In 1895 his last two plays An Ideal Husbandprince”The relationship between the prince and the swallow isand The Importance of Being Earnest appeared. All his plays,master to servant, because the prince is merely a statue, and his de-packed with paradoxes and wilty sayings, are proof of their author sires can only be realized by the means of the swallow,' s actions.as a playwright of skill and subtle humor. Oscar Wilde died in Par-The swallow is the spokesman of the prince and the messenger andis on 30 November, 1900.executioner of the prince' s wills. So we can conclude that the swal-In recent years, with the wide application of computers tomany fields, Corpus Linguistics, a new and rising discipline, hasFrom the contextual collocation related to “swallow” andbeen developing at a high speed. The writer of this paper, based on“he", we may get a clear outline of the story: (1) At dusk the litlethe world- famous fairy tale “The Happy Prince" by Oscar Wilde,swallow wanted to spend the cold night under the statue of thewith the aid of corpus tries to reveal how the plot, portraits of peo-prince; (2) Upon the prince’s instruction the lttle swallow broughtple and the rhetorical devices can help express the theme of the sto-the ruby out of the prince ’s sword- hilt to the poor woman seam-ry.stress and her sick son; (3) The lttle swallow helped the prince to2 Methodologybring a sapphire -one of the prince' s eyes to a young needy stu-In order to find the answers to the questions raised in this pa-dent; (4) The ltte swallow helped the prince to bring another sap-per, the Wordmith and SPSS are used aprarilr The three phie anober one of lhe prince s eyes l0 a ltle poor mach-gir;tools, W ordlist, Concord and Key W ords are used, and all of the da-().The ltle swallow picked off the fine gold on the prince and中國煤化工MYHCNMHG收稿日期:2014-03-10修回日期:2014-04-20作者簡(jiǎn)介:李慧(1970-),女,河南孟津人,三門(mén)峽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院講師,碩士研究生,研究方向為英語(yǔ)教育。本欄目責任編輯:王力中外文學(xué)文化研究 1772014年09月Overseas English海外英語(yǔ)brought them to the poor people in the city:; (6)-The poor litle swal-Like:1)gazed at the wonderful statue. "He looks just like an angel"low was frozen to death in the snow at the foo of the statue of theshabby prince; (7). The leaden heart of the statue had snapped2) down to the water's edge to drink. They have eyes likenight in two at the death of the poor litle sallw. These plots tllgreen beryls, and their roar is louder than tus readers the theme of the story- -the lofty qualties of being readyAs:to help the people in need from the prince and the lte swallow.1) han a red rose, and the sapphire shall be as blue as thegreat sea." "In the square below," said4 Portraits of People2)h gold- fsh in their beaks; of the Sphinx, who is as old as1)u always." "No, litle Swallow," said the poor Prince, "youthe world iself, and lives in the desermust go away to Egypt." "I will stLel's have a look at the uses of like and as in the story. Tode-2)up at the statue: "Dear me! how shabby the Happy Princepict the hands of the Egyptian king, Oscar xpressed this way "Tikelooks!" he said. "How shabby indeed!" erwithered leaves"; as for the eyes of the lion that came to drink by3)1, it was a mark of disrespe." But the Happy Princethe water, he described like this "Ilike green beryls' ;“the sapphirelooked so sad that the litle Swallow was sshall be as blue as the great sea."; “Ilong icicles like crystal dag-In this fairy tale, Osear Wilde tok great pains to depict thegers hung down from the eaves". On the contrary, in order to depictportraits of people. On one hand , he achieved this by way of de- the cold and chilly winter in the norther Europe, Oscar describedscribing portraits. Such as: he tried to sing high praise for the loftylike this: "long icicles like crystal daggers hung down from thequality of generosity of the prince by deseribing the shabby imageeaves", which further spolighted the chilly and miserable condi-after the prince ofering the poor people his diamonds, at the sametions of the poor people, thus making the swallow' s deteminationtime he thought highly of the spirit of slfishness of the prince byto help the prince ofer aids to the needly with the chance of flyingdescription of the poor and miserable airs of the poor before they to Egypt for shelter from the chilly winter stand out more clearly.got their help and aids from the prince, thus disclosing the exploita-Than:tion and opression from the capitalism; On the other hand OscarWilde, by means of psychological description, depicted the joy and red rose, and the sapphire shall be as bluehappiness the poor people showed after they got their blesings2)s lttle better than a beggr!" "ittle better than a beggr,"from the prince, thus making the theme of this fairy tale stand out,said the Town Councilors.that is, the spirit of selishness contribution from the prince.Hyperbole device was employed by the author to reveal the ap-In the course of image description, Wilde adopted s0 manypearances and desires of the prince and embodly the lfty quality ofcolor adjcive. We can see that the adectveses used to depict theselfishness contribution of the prince. To give readers a virvid imageprince are all derogatory terms, such as shabby, poor, sad, dull,of the prince afer he gave away his eyes and gold leaves, he wasgray, beggar and so0 on. As is clear before the eyes of readers, thedepicted like this "Iitle better than a beggar' , because for theonce gilded happy prince became no longer beautiful or happy. prince his personal appearance was that important, what was moreWhere did the eause lie? Because he has been living in his' 'cozyimportant was the warmth and safety of the mass people. In thisnet”and free from any worries and anxieties and no one can have away the desire of the prince was clearly dancing before readers,better life than he ever did. However, after his death, his statue was that is, he put people's interests above all and he considered peo-erected high above the city, thus providing him with the chance tople' s agonies the severest agony.witness the untold dificultiese and trouble amongst the poor massLeaf:people, so much so that he felt the least happy. Then he made up1)new god," said the Prince, "you must take it of, leatf byhis mind to do the ltle he could to ofer his help to the most need-leaf, and give it to my poor;, the livingaed ones. He asked the ltle swallw to pick off his diamonds, his2)ill the Happy Prince loked quite dull and grey. Lceaf aftereyes and even his gold leaves to bring them to those cold and hun-leaf of the fne gold he brought to thegry people, leaving himself loking every inch a poor beggar. UntilOscar sceeded employing palelismn device to emphasizeall that was done, the prince onceagain felt he was really happy,the fact that the prince gave中his fine gold leaf after leaf with thebecause the joy from the poor is the true joy of the prince, thus theaim of helping the poor while he himself ended up nothing but alofty quality of caring for the people of the prince is vividly put onshabby statue. The use of prallelismn, on one hand, emphasize thethe paper before readers, which in turn deepens the theme of thesheer truth that the prince' s ugly appearance at last was resultedstory- -Only the prince who has devoted all his self to his people isfrom his lofty personal qualiy; on the other hand, this strengtheneda rally happy prince.the writing tonharmonized the rhythm and spotlighted the special5 Rhetorical Deviceswriting style of th中國煤化工Swallow:To help make the theme of the story more stand out, Oscarl)e quite bliTYHC N M H Gitle Swallow," saidWilde pplied various rhetorical devices, such as smile, hyperbole,the Prince, "do as I command you."repetition, prallelismn, antithesis etc. Vivid images molded by him(下轉第182頁(yè))left a deep and lingering impression on readers.本欄目責任編輯:王力178 /中勁舞學(xué)化研究1Overseas English海外英語(yǔ)2014年09月婚后的斯嘉麗并沒(méi)有像弗蘭克所想的那樣,把心思花在家時(shí)機發(fā)財致富,對事得心應手,對人逢場(chǎng)作戲,如魚(yú)得水，自由庭和家人身上。斯嘉麗涉足商界,和男人一樣做生意。她曾親自 在。同時(shí)他又不擇手段、不恪守規則,他離經(jīng)叛道嘲笑權身經(jīng)歷了那種吃不飽、穿不暖的苦難日子,她要做人上人,僅憑威,不受道德準則束縛。他把南方人的虛偽看的很透徹,并利弗蘭克的那種生意觀(guān)念,他們僅能填飽肚子而已,而過(guò)不上人用他們發(fā)財。但他內心深處也熱愛(ài)寧靜,向往真正的道德,在上人的日子。她再也不想回到那種刻骨銘心的貧苦日子,她要- -個(gè)動(dòng)亂落后的時(shí)代,他順應潮流,成為社會(huì )的強者。斯嘉麗賺錢(qián),很多很多的錢(qián),至于多少數目,她自己也不知道。為了有是一位具有現代女性意識的新女性,敢愛(ài)敢恨，勇于沖破禮教一種安全感,斯嘉麗采取一-切可以帶來(lái)豐厚利潤的手段來(lái)經(jīng)營(yíng)的束縛,大膽向男權世界挑戰的堅強女性,實(shí)際上是對19世紀她的鋸木廠(chǎng)。沒(méi)有人和她同行,她獨自一人趕車(chē)去鋸木廠(chǎng);為美國社會(huì )中傳統女性的叛逆,更是對男權社會(huì )道德模式的和一了獲取更多的利潤,她非法雇傭犯人;為了更多的利潤，她把錢(qián)種挑戰。同時(shí)向我們展現了斯嘉麗獨立的人格、自由的精神、作抵押貸款。斯嘉麗明白:婚姻只能讓她暫時(shí)過(guò)上安穩的日堅強的性格和現實(shí)的人生態(tài)度身處逆境而不甘沉淪的精神、子,一切還得靠自己。頑強的生活能力對愛(ài)情的執著(zhù)追求和為愛(ài)情做出犧牲的善良3戰后的第三次婚姻:愛(ài)與歸屬的需要斯嘉麗在社會(huì )大動(dòng)蕩時(shí)期的一系列行為超越了社會(huì )對女馬斯洛認為“歸屬與愛(ài)的需要,是指個(gè)人渴望得到家庭、性的定位,表現了自我意識的張揚,同時(shí)，也體現了她對個(gè)體生團體朋友、同事的關(guān)懷愛(ài)護理解,是對友情、信任、溫暖、愛(ài)情命價(jià)值的尊重和珍惜,體現了經(jīng)濟社會(huì )中人的價(jià)值和美國獨立的需要。這種需要是難以察悟,無(wú)法度量的?！睉馉幩鶐?lái)的創(chuàng )傷已經(jīng)慢慢的愈合,斯嘉麗不必在為了生自由精神的真正內涵,展現了耀眼的女性風(fēng)采,展現了女性的計而奔波,她需要一個(gè)愛(ài)的歸宿,此時(shí)的瑞德滿(mǎn)足了她對愛(ài)和勇氣和魄力。盡管經(jīng)歷了三次失敗的婚姻,但她始終堅信:歸屬的需要,盡管在她內心深處,她依然念念不忘艾希禮,但這“After all, tomorrow is another day!”絲毫不影響她和瑞德結婚。斯嘉麗在嫁給瑞德之前就已經(jīng)愛(ài)參考文獻:上了他。斯嘉麗對瑞德的依賴(lài),也許她自己并沒(méi)有認識到這種[1] Margaret Mitchell.Gone With the W ind[M].World Book Pub-感情的存在,但它的確存在。在塔拉遇到危機時(shí),斯嘉麗第一lishing.2001.個(gè)想到的是瑞德;在媚蘭生產(chǎn)是,她腦海中只有瑞德。這些都[2]瑪格麗特.米切爾飄(全譯本)M].上海:上海譯文出版社,以一種潛意識存在于斯嘉麗的心底。甚至在最后瑞德離他而1991.去時(shí),她告訴自已: "Tara! Home! I'll go home, and I'll thinkof [3] 亞伯拉罕●馬斯洛著(zhù)許金聲等譯動(dòng)機與人格(第三版)M]北some way to get him back! After all, tomorrow is another day!"之前京:中國人民大學(xué)出版社,2007:19-29.經(jīng)歷的兩次婚姻,甚至包括她曾經(jīng)對艾希禮的愛(ài)都沒(méi)有如此強[4]錢(qián)世鳳.馬斯洛需要層次理論與《紅樓夢(mèng)》人物解讀[J].沈陽(yáng)師烈，所以和瑞德的婚姻顯示了斯嘉麗對家庭生活的需要和渴范大學(xué)學(xué)報:社會(huì )科學(xué)版.2010(1).望。斯嘉麗和瑞德有驚人的相似之處:瑞德是一位英俊瀟灑、[5]董衛平生活中的強者,亂世中的英雄一- <飄》 女主人公郝思放蕩不羈的南方貴族。他目標明確、眼光獨特、精明干練、抓住嘉性格分析[J].長(cháng)治學(xué)院學(xué)報,2011(6).(上接第178頁(yè))the story, yet a scientifie and thorough analysis based on the disci-2) eye. You would be quite blind then." "Swallow, Swallow, lit- pline of Corpus Linguistics is bound to lead you to a deeper andtle Swallow," said the Prince, "do asmore thorough understanding of the charm and excellence of thisBesides, repetition device was employed by the author. By the world-famous author and his fairy tales.repeated calling of swallow, the author succeeded expressing theReferences:strong desire of the prince to long for the litle swallow to save themass poor, which deepened the impressions of the readers, thus[1] Graeme Kennedy. An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics[M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.arousing public interest.At last the writer employed antithesis device to give readers a[2] Yang Horizon.An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics[M].Shang-hai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2002.sharp contrast between the chilly winter and the warm heart of thelttle swallow, thus depicting the common excellent qualities of[3] Raby Peter.The Cambridge Companion To Oscar W ilde[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.both the prince and the litle swallow and making the theme of thefairy tale more clear and fixed- to share the woes of the poor and[4] Y ang Jianmei.Concordance of The Cop and Anthem[J].Journalof Sichuan Foreign Studies University 2002(3);:56- -59.help them heart and soul.[5] Sinclair,John.Corpus Concordance Collocation[ M].Shanghai:6 ConclusionShanghai Ford| 中國煤化工1999Based on the above paper, we may draw a conclusion: the ap- [6] Li Wenzhong:TYHCNMHG'of Corpus in For-plication of CorpusI inguistics to) the analysis (lteraryteign LanguagForeign Studiesveal the expressing means and theme of a work. As a reader youUniversity ,2001(2):20- -25.might have read The Happy Prince , you might have a good idea of本欄目責任編輯:王力