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計算能源使用產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳排放量的方法Methodology for calculating CO2 emissions from energy use 計算能源使用產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳排放量的方法Methodology for calculating CO2 emissions from energy use

計算能源使用產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳排放量的方法Methodology for calculating CO2 emissions from energy use

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用于估算能源消耗碳排放量的方法已修訂為2016年版的統計審查。 以前的計算CO2排放的方法是通過(guò)將單個(gè)排放因子應用于石油、天然氣和煤中的每一個(gè)而構建的，正如表二氧化碳排放量的腳注所示。這些排放系數是以平均碳含量為基礎編制的標準全球平均換算系數為基礎的：石油為73300千克二氧化碳/噸（相當于每噸石油3.07噸）；天然氣為56100千克二氧化碳/噸（相當于每噸石油2.35噸）；煤炭為94，每噸600千克二氧化碳（相當于每噸油3.96噸）。 以前的方法也沒(méi)有考慮到用于非燃燒目的的燃料消耗。 修訂后的方法在兩個(gè)主要方面有所不同。 首先，修訂后的估計數使用了氣專(zhuān)委排放系數清單1中每種能源產(chǎn)品類(lèi)型的默認燃燒二氧化碳排放系數。生物燃料被認為是不排放二氧化碳的，這與國際能源機構的做法是一致的。 第二，修訂后的方法考慮了用于非燃燒目的的燃料消耗，例如在石油化工行業(yè)使用天然氣或石油生產(chǎn)道路建設用瀝青。在應用相關(guān)排放系數之前，從化石燃料總消耗量中減去從國際能源機構能源平衡中獲得的非燃燒化石燃料份額的估計數2。 將舊方法應用于2016年版《統計評論》（采用新方法的年份）中報告的燃料消耗量，將導致二氧化碳排放量比新方法的排放量高出約8%。這兩種方法的二氧化碳排放量增長(cháng)率變化很小，在過(guò)去25年中變化范圍從0.2%到-0.3%，在此期間的平均差異小于0.1%。

The method used to estimate carbon emissions from energy consumption was revised for the 2016 edition of the Statistical Review. The previous method for calculating CO2 emissions was constructed by applying a single emission factor to each of oil, gas and coal, as reported in the footnote of the table ‘Carbon Dioxide Emissions’. Those emission factors were based on standard global average conversion factors compiled on the basis of average carbon content: oil at 73,300 kg CO2 per TJ (3.07 tonnes per tonne of oil equivalent); natural gas at 56,100 kg CO2 per TJ (2.35 tonnes per tonne of oil equivalent); and coal at 94,600 kg CO2 per TJ (3.96 tonnes per tonne of oil equivalent). The previous method also took no account of fuel consumption used for non-combustion purposes. The revised method differs in two main respects. First, the revised estimates use the Default CO2 Emission Factors for Combustion for each energy product type from the list of IPCC emission factors1. Biofuels are considered as non-emitting CO2, consistent with the practice of the IEA. Second, the revised method takes account of fuel consumption used for non-combustion purposes, such as the use of natural gas in the petrochemicals industry or of oil to produce bitumen for road construction. Estimates of the share of non-combusted fossil fuels taken from the IEA’s energy balances2 are subtracted from the total consumption of fossil fuels before applying the relevant emission factors. Applying the old methodology to the fuel consumption numbers reported in the 2016 edition of the Statistical Review (the year in which the new methodology was adopted) would result in CO2 emissions about 8% higher than those derived from the new method. The change in the growth rate of CO2 emissions between the two methods is minimal, ranging from 0.2%to - 0.3% over the last 25 years, with the difference over this period averaging less than 0.1%.

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