A Brief Analysis to the 3-Step Translation Process

A Brief Analysis to the 3- -Step Translation Process丘勝祥云南省公路開(kāi)發(fā)投資公司 650200Abstract: With the development of science and technology, the culture of translation stl is muliplied con- -tinuously. However, how can you translate a good target text quickly and accurately? We should master translationskills and seep basic steps in translating. As the matter of fact, translation is expressed language actives through using2 language to another languagc exchanged with the accuracy and integriry of thinking. Some call it an毗and yetsome others ake it as a career, but no matter what the purpose is, the process of translation has is certin steps. Atanslator will have to understand the source text first, and then conduct her/his tanslation and then, proofead thesource text. In addition, translation standard, which is Faithfulness, Expresiveness, Elegance, play an important tolein the translaion process. A brief analysis of the problems mentioned above is made.Key words: Translation, process, analysis, step, language, expresion and word.[中團分類(lèi)號]H159 (文獻標識碼]A [文章編號 1002 -2139(2009)04- 0067-03ACKNOWLEDGEMENT“銀河"。In wring this paper, I have benefted from the support of myLet "Wet paint! ”and“Wet foor! " mean“濕的油漆! "and"“濕teachers, my classmates and my friends. They generously helped me的地板! ". This expression is sif. It is stiff translation standing oncollet materials I needed and many invaluable suggestions. I herebysource text. The two senlences are warning languages that warmextend my grateful thanks to them for their kind help, without which.Pedestrian to walk erlully. They should be“油漆未f! "and"小心this paper would not have been possible.地滑!Particularly, I would like to express my gratitude to Miss ZhaoSmoothness is also basic principle of translation. Actuallylong, my supervisor, who guided me throughout my writing of thissmoothness is ft of source text, and target text should be accessiblehesis.s Her encouraging support and patience, her careful reading ofby writers. At the same time, target text is ft of Chinese impress-the whole draft and detailed comments has really impressed me, and Iments.hope this paper will not let her down as I personally did.For example, He wanted to leamn, to know, to teach.Introduction原譯:他博學(xué)廣闊,喜歡追根窮源,并且好人師表。In Tang dynasty, there is a debate between expressiveness and改譯:他很想學(xué)習,以增長(cháng)知識,教授他人。faithfulness. The expressiveness emphasizes rhetorical devices andThis is over- -translation in the sentence, we seen to read the sen-smoothness in the translation process, the faithfulness emphasizes isence smoothly and easy, and have expressed the source of mean. Butcoresponding to source text. So far, the culture of translation still isentence was added to unnecessary mean.muliplied; we go on analyzing and recognizing on translation.In my opinion, principles and requirements of translation are im-The basic translation theory, the diferences belween English andportant for transators, which are precondition for their work. DuringChinese language and the common translation skills should be ma8-the translation process, we should know basic principles and require-tered. The paragraphs or discourses of the source language withments of translation.medium dificulty can be translated into the larget language fihfully2. Comprehenslon of Source Textand smoohly within the time limit of 250- -300 words per hour.Comprehension of source text is the first step in translation, andWith the development of science and technology, the culture ofis important step. During the stage, translators must analyze and un-translation still is muliplied continuously. At the same time, there are derstand source text of word meaning, grammatical structure, logicdiferent ways in translating skills. Sone people will rely on tools fromabout the text and writing style.internet. As a result, the target text is made up of words, which is notAs the matter of fact, they will be ready for diferent themesnamed text. So far, translation is important for our communication.about source text. For example, Medical translation is rigorous veryPeople speaking different languages will be enabled to communicatemuch, the source text should be translated by translators of learningfrendly through the help of translation. So we should master transla-medical, and the translator must have medical glossary. In all, difertion skills and seep basic steps in transaing. This paper will herebyent theme is corresponding to diferent professional backgroundprovide a brief analysis to the 3-step translation process.knowledge. So comprehension of source text is necessary in translat-1. Basic Principles of Translationing process for translators.Yan Fu set an example for translator. He is not only a lranslator,2.1 About Polysemous Wordsbut also a translation theorist. Yan Fu involved "Faithfulness, Ex-There are many polysemous words in English. Particularly, wepressivenes, Elegance", which made great contributions to explo-can often meet and use words. We' d better study the polysemousration of Chinese translation theory.ords, w中國煤化I in rnsltiggWe should be faithful to source text. Don't change, distrt, in-ided in the head.crease and decrease source text. Faithful is the most basically stan-HeYHCNMH Gdard in translating work. At the same time, translators must persist inThe dinner cost us five dollars a head.fathful during their translating work.Take: This knowledge will help man destroy diseases that todayFor example, Let“Milky Way" means"牛奶路". This translationtake many lives.isn't expressed meaning of source lext. A better translation should beThe box does not take much room.ht is its coating that takes the wear.As the saying goes, translation is logical atvitie. Translation is"Head” is translated in diferent meaning in the sentence.product from logical activities. If we can't understand some sentences"Take" is translated in different meaning in the sentence, too. Differ-in grammatical sentence, at least we could know the sentence in logi-ent sentence use words selectity. When polysemous words are usedcal analysis. As a result, we can improve translating.in the sentence, we have to pay attention to polysemous words. Trans-For example, we can find the expression for the mechanical ad-lators should have a clear goal in uaing the polysemous worde invantage from the equation in the same manner as in the previous Ca8-translation.2.1.1. Word Cassification and Word Meaning譯文:采用與前例相同的方法,我們就能由該方程求得機械效There are dfferent words cassifications in Chinese, and many益的公式。words classifications will be concemed by translators. In fact, wordsThe sentence of prepoeitions“for, from and in" isn 't useful fromclassification is important for translating, because word meaning isgrammar to analysis. If we analysis from logical, we can find threedecided by word casification.prepositions that are adverbials. And they modifed predicale verbs. IfFor example, Like: They really like playing foball.we analysis from this aspecl, the sentence will be translated more BC-Every book stands by itself, like a one -family house, but bookscurately.in a library are like houses in a eity.2.4 Writing StryleHand: The hour' hand of a clock goes right round in twelveWriting style belongs to language characters in the whole trans-hours.lation, writing styles is expressed on different language characters.When he found a wallet on his way home, he handed to the po-Even writes may have dfferent writing styles. When we translatelice station immediately.source text, we must understand writing style about source text. At the8ame time, we'd better analysis wring style in order to react style in-prep in the diferent sentences.“Hand" is expressed different wordto the source text.classification in the different sentences. Usually when translatorEvery writer has her/his unique writing styles. Luxun writes withthinks of any words, maybe they use the word. The problem will makehis sarcastic pen, while Lao She expresses his gentle humor, Hemistake in translation. So when we translated text, we must use those Mingwei narrales wild and masculine stories and Togore recites his el-words accurately.eganly. .2.1.2.Style and Word Meaning3. Expression of Target TextThe same word will be expressed in diferent styles and specialtyExpression of target text is important in translating that we usedifferently. Style of science and technology is diferent from literatureanother language to express, and pass our thinking in another lan-style, which is expressed in ordinary vocabularyFor example, But expensive things are not inevitably theAs a translator, she/he should base on a solid foundation on un-province of the rich unless we abdicate society 's power of choice.derstanding of how languages work, translation theory recognizes that譯文:但昂貴的東西并非富人所獨有,除非我們放棄社會(huì )賦予different languages encode meaning in dffering forms, yet guides的選擇權。translators to find appropiate ways of preserving meaning, while usingAssumethat the input voltage from the power supply remainsthe most appropriate forms of each language. Translation theory in-constant.cludes principles for translating figurative language, dealing with lex-譯文:假定由電源輸入的電壓保持不變。ical mismatches, hetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers,The first sentence is literature style. The second sentence isand many other topics crucial to good translation.physics scientific style. However, the power is expressed with differ-3.1. About Standard Language in Expression of Target Text.ent meanings in the two sentences. One is“authority", the other isTranslators must express target text with its standard language,"electic power". So translators must pay atention to styles in trans-writing styles and thinking of source text.lating process.For example, 1 do not like to be interupted when I am about an2.2 About Grammatical Analysis in Translatingimportant piece of work.The grammar is important in translating. If we understand sen-譯為:我不希望被別人打擾,當我正在做一件重要工作時(shí)。tence, we must know its grammar structure. And we should find the改譯:我在做-件重要工作時(shí),不希望別人打擾。key part of sentence, then, we are ready for translation.Source text is Basic English; main clause is in the front of sen-For example, the woman who said she saw the murder wearsence. There is passive voice in the sentence. However, we like usingglasses.active voice in Chinese; we ually fllw the standard of main clause原譯:那個(gè)女人說(shuō)話(huà)她戴著(zhù)眼睛看見(jiàn)謀殺。lies tail part.改譯:那個(gè)說(shuō)看到謀殺的婦女戴眼鏡。When we translate address, 咖' usually translate larger place.This original translation isn' t accurate; the problem is misunder-Some time and place usually are at the front of sentence.stood on grammar. After analysis, we can know the main cause ofThere is diference in standard language between Chinese andsentence, which is "The woman... wears glasses". Subject is modifiedEnglish. The translalor should have a perfect knowledge of the lan-by ttrbutive clause, which is“who... the murder". The sentence ofguage from which he is translating and an equally excellent knowl-“said" is guiding the object clause.edge of the language into which he is translating. At this point theThe translator should understand perfectly the content and inten-translator must have a wide knowledge in both languages for gttingtion of the author whom he is translating. The principal way to reachthe equivalence in the larget language, because the deficiency of theit is reading all the sentences or the text completely 80 that you canknow中國煤化工a talation witout logiegive the idea that you want lo say in the target language because theand smost important characteristic of this technique is translating the mes-YHCNMHGsage as clearly and natural as posible. So Granimatical Analyis isLogic is necesary for translators in expression of target text. Be-catalysts in translating.tween Chinese and English, there is a great gap which is expressed in2.3 During the Translating, Logical Analysis is Importance.thinking and sequence. So we have to leam logic impressions. Trang-68lators try their best to keep target text matching source text in order譯成:1 bllion; 000.000譯成:1million.We have to calculate thethat target text is with clear logic concepts.digital. Yen, Yuan and Dollar are useful in translating; we can'tFor example, Scientists defined the temperature requirementstranslate them with Chinese makigs.necessary for survival the black carp.譯為:科學(xué)家們規定了青魚(yú)生Fifth, when we finish proofreading target text, source text is cor-存的必須溫度。responding to target text. This is necessity matter. The conlext sbould改譯:科學(xué)家們查明了青魚(yú)生存的必須溫度。keep consistency style.The original translation of "regulale doesn't ft in logical. TheSo proofreading of target text is the most important step in theproblem is that translators make mislake in understanding of "de-whole translating process. We must check up target text carefuily, wefine". The "define" means "understand, find out". So we must correct should proofread paragraph sentence and words whether those aren'toriginal translation in order to accord with Chinese logic concepts.translated. ls target text corresponding to source Lext? In all, every de-3.3 Corect Use of Punctuationstail is paid a great attention to main points.Punctuations play an important part in translation. Translators5. Conclusionshould not ignore punctuations when they translate text. However,h may be true that professional translalors are not always neces-punctuations are different between Chinese and English.sary, however if the translation is to be accurale and professionallyWe should change English of circular point (. )into Chinese ofcircle (。)on full stop in the sentence. When we make some exam- translations lead to many problems including people misunderstandingples, we should change English comma (,)into Chinese of“Dunhao"texts which ulimately relect poorly on a company or organization. If(、). The elipsis of Chinese ..... )should be changed three pointsyou want your car fixed you lake it to a mechanic, not a car salesman.of Engis.(..).He may know a bit about cars but not enough to address your prob-4. Proofreading of Target Textlems properly.Proofreading is the most important step in the whole translatingWe have realized the translation process; our culure of transla-process. At the same time, it also would consolidate quality of targettion may be developed. As the matter of fact, Translation is expressedtexl. This process plays an important part in a translating process. Af- language activities which use a language expressed arjolbher languageter translaing target text, translators have to proofreading for targetby the accuracy and integity of thinking. However, we must pay greattexts in order to make the targel text accurately.attention to the translating process .The more we concem the translal-First, we should look up un -translated sentences for target text. ing process, the better we can translate target text. However, the 3-Translators do plenty of translatin jobs everyday, they may leak someStep Translation Process still is around by translation.sentences. So we have to correet with the mistakes.As a saying goes, there is process for all things. If you grasp theSecond, it is important that target text is corresponding to sourceone, you can get to destination quickly and easily. We undersland thetext. We should check up the whole text, and correct the context translation process, we translate context easier and more quickly.meaning.Works cited:Third, there are plenty of problems such as over-translation and[]郭富強《英漢翻譯理論與實(shí)踐》機械工業(yè)出版社2004年mistranslation which are important for profreading.1.Fourth, names, geographical names, date, position and digital[2]呂瑞昌<漢莢翻譯理論與實(shí)踐》陜酉人民出版社1983 年must be checked up, which is the most important in translation tech-[3]郭尚興{翻譯理論與實(shí)踐》天津人民出版社2003年nology. Such as, digital isn't sensitively for Chinese. 100000,000(上樓第66頁(yè))NNS教師能更好地理解學(xué)習者。從學(xué)習互動(dòng)的角度來(lái)看,語(yǔ)言和文盡管受到西方文化研究的影響，國內的外語(yǔ)文化研兗在某種化的相同或相似對于課堂文化教學(xué)是很有價(jià)值的資源,NNS教師程度上得到了一定的提升,但縱觀(guān)現存的資料.國內相關(guān)研究仍比既可以將自己所學(xué)知識運用于課堂，有可以結合學(xué)習者學(xué)習過(guò)程較零散，而i且其理論與實(shí)踐結合也不緊密。值得欣喜的是,《第_二語(yǔ)中出現的問(wèn)題完善自已的知識結構。言教與學(xué)的文化因素》-書(shū)向我們展現了西方課堂文化教學(xué)的最三教材新進(jìn)展.涉及到文化教學(xué)的許多方面。此外,該書(shū)在教學(xué)法上采用目前中國對外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)處于一種停滯不前的狀態(tài)，而其中的多種研究方法和范例，如定性、定最研究以及在建立上大規模材料重要原因就是缺乏適應時(shí)代需要.符合外國學(xué)生學(xué)習規律的全新基礎上的統計方法等,這些都為文化教學(xué)研究奠定了良好的理論的對外漢語(yǔ)教材。與現實(shí)基礎。Corazzi和Jin[6]將教材形象地比作教師、地圖、資料、訓練者、全能的技術(shù)者、意識形式。針對三種不同的文化.主張建立三種類(lèi)參考文獻:型的教材,即建立在文化源頭上的教材、建立在母標語(yǔ)文化基礎上[1] Lado, Robert. Language Teaching; A Scieniice Approaech.的教材以及針對國際目標語(yǔ)文化的教材。對于對外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)研究New York: McGraw- Hill, 1964.者而言,熟悉這三類(lèi)教材及其包含的文化內容非常重要。第一類(lèi)教[2]ByraM,M & Morgan,C.Teaching -and-leaming language- -and-材主要涉及學(xué)習者自身的文化。這種教科書(shū)權威性較強，極具特culue. Clavadon, UK: Mulilngual Mter,1994.色。第二類(lèi)教材主要針對目標語(yǔ)文化。這類(lèi)教材大多受商業(yè)化影[3]Hinkel ,Eli. Culture in Second Language Teaching and Leam-響,但隨著(zhù)材料的改革也發(fā)生了新的變化,例如關(guān)于EFL的教材ng第二語(yǔ)商教與學(xué)的文化因素.上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版杜.2005.多涉及提高種族性別和環(huán)境意識等諸多方面。第三類(lèi)教材中的文[4]中國煤化工e in Language Teaching化指的是在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)或非英語(yǔ)的國家中，英語(yǔ)并非作為第一或第二0xford:CNMHG種語(yǔ)言,而是作為國際通用語(yǔ)的文化。這種教材中的文化理論基礎[5]kacnru, 1 aunun lunure anu agunentative witing in world是在國際環(huán)境中英語(yǔ)頻繁地被那些不把它當成第-語(yǔ)言的說(shuō)話(huà)者Englishes. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.所使用。[6]Cortazzi ,Martin & Jin, Lixian. Culture of leaming; Language四.總結classoom in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 1996.59