生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養殖廢水研究

第37卷第6期水處理技術(shù)Vol37 No 6822011年6月TECHNOLOGY OF WATER TREATMENTJun 2011生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養殖廢水研究黃曉婷μ,陳兵2,劉偉,錢(qián)宇佳3(1華南理工大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,廣東廣州5100062工業(yè)聚集區污染控制與生態(tài)修復教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗室,廣東廣州5100063中山大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,廣東廣州510006)摘要:以經(jīng)過(guò)臭氧氧化消毒→機械過(guò)濾→生物過(guò)濾的養魚(yú)廢水為原水,研究了生物活性炭對水產(chǎn)養殖廢水中氨氮亞硝態(tài)氮和COD深度處理的效果,并與活性炭吸附處理進(jìn)行了對比研究.結果表明,在濾速14m·h、進(jìn)水水溫233~30.3℃,pH為735~806、溶解氧質(zhì)量濃度為60~8lmg·L、氨氮質(zhì)量濃度0.204~0.984mg·L、亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度0.090~1003mg;L、COD為1344~-2680mgL4的條件下,生物活性炭對氡氮、亞硝酸鹽氮和COD的平均去除率分別達到855%90.1%和43.8%。經(jīng)生物活性炭處理后,出水氣氮和亞硝態(tài)氮濃度均達到了花鰻養殖對水質(zhì)的要求,達標率分別為100%和97.6%可以循環(huán)回用;在濾速14mh,低進(jìn)水氯氦、亞硝態(tài)氮濃度下,活性炭吸附對氛氮和亞硝酸鹽氮幾乎沒(méi)有去除作用,但對COD的吸附去除率高達52.3%關(guān)鑣詞:生物活性炭;水產(chǎn)養殖廢水;氨氮;亞硝酸鹽氪中圖分類(lèi)號:X714文獻標識碼:A文章綸號:10003770(2011)060082-004水產(chǎn)養殖廢水主要含氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮、有機還對比研究了活性炭(GAC)吸附處理效果。原物質(zhì)和魚(yú)殘等污染物,具有水量大的特點(diǎn),若不經(jīng)1試驗部分過(guò)處理直接排放到壞境水體中,會(huì )造成極大的環(huán)境污染反過(guò)來(lái)也限制水產(chǎn)養殖業(yè)的發(fā)展目前有關(guān)養殖廢11試驗裝置水處理的技術(shù)主要有機械濾器、重力分離、化學(xué)濾器、GAC與BAC反應器為有機玻璃柱子,工藝尺寸生物濾器、脫氮濾器和植物濾器叩。循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養殖系統為內徑80mm,總高1600m,底部為30m的(RAS)是近年來(lái)發(fā)展形成的現代工廠(chǎng)化水產(chǎn)養殖技承托層,炭層填料選用粒徑為14~33mm的破碎術(shù),其技術(shù)核心是循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養殖水處理技術(shù)。目前許椰殼活性炭,充填高度為1200mm。試驗裝置示意多研究采用物理過(guò)濾+化學(xué)氧化消毒生物過(guò)濾復合工圖見(jiàn)圖1藝處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養殖水,化學(xué)氧化消毒是RAS的必出水口須環(huán)節,包括臭氧氧化消毒、紫外光-氯聯(lián)用消毒*習等。然而,由于養花鰻用水對氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮要求比較高,NHN含量≤02mgL、NO2N含量≤0.05取樣口mgL憫,單級生物處理難以達到用水要求。在循環(huán)回用系統中,生物處理被認為是一種有效地將氨轉化為硝酸鹽氮的方法,例如活性污泥法明SBR、濕地等。生物活性炭濾池被證明是能同時(shí)去除可承托層降解有機物和氨氮的有效工藝1。本試驗以經(jīng)臭氧氧化消毒→機械過(guò)濾→生物過(guò)濾處理的出水為原水,研究生物活性炭(BAC)的深度處理效果,同時(shí)圖1試驗裝置T"V凵中國煤化工期:20110224CNMHG目:廣東省自然科學(xué)基金團隊項目(935106410100001作者簡(jiǎn)介:黃曉婷(1985-),女,碩士研究生,研究方向為水處理技術(shù);聯(lián)系電話(huà):15914304268: E-mailt diyeqianxunhxt@163co黃曉婷等,生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養殖廢水研究12試驗方法0.010~0058mgL,平均值為0.028mgL,說(shuō)明試驗在BAC掛膜成熟后運行,試驗用水為經(jīng)過(guò)BAC濾柱有較好的抗氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮負荷沖擊能臭氧氧化消毒→機械過(guò)濾→生物過(guò)濾處理的養花鰻力。BAC濾柱對氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的去除率分別為廢水,其水質(zhì)見(jiàn)表1,進(jìn)水采用上升流方式。進(jìn)水水678%~984%和589%~98.3%;出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)溫233~30.3℃H為735~806、溶解氧質(zhì)量濃氮質(zhì)量濃度基本達到花鰻用水水質(zhì)要求,達標率分度為60~8mgL,濾速14mh,炭柱不曝氣。反沖別為100%976%,可以循環(huán)回用。在高濾速14mh洗采用氣水聯(lián)合反沖洗方式,氣沖強度為8Lsm3,下,BAC濾柱對氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的平均去除效率分水沖強度為12Lsm2,氣沖歷時(shí)3mn,水沖歷時(shí)別為855%和90.1%,說(shuō)明BAC濾柱中附著(zhù)生長(cháng)的7min,反沖洗周期為24hpH和Do分別用pHS25硝化細菌數量較多,處理能力強。BAC濾柱內部不型pH儀和DO550氧氣及溶氧儀測定氨氮和亞硝曝氣,這是因為,根據生物硝化作用的化學(xué)計量關(guān)系態(tài)氮采用 Dataline Photometer(aquaspex australia)儀式,計算出硝化作用的耗氧量為432g"g1(O2器測定,其它均用國標法測定NHN)和1.14gg1(O2NO2-N)。BAC濾柱的進(jìn)表1試驗期間BAC進(jìn)水水質(zhì)水氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮最大值分別為0984mgL4和1.003mg“L,根據計量式可以計算出BAC內硝化范圍0204-09k400101343680細菌的最大耗氧量為539mg“L所以在進(jìn)水溶解平均值0360氧質(zhì)量濃度為60~81mgL條件下,無(wú)需曝氣。2結果與討論22BAC對COD的處理效果BAC濾柱對COD的處理效果見(jiàn)圖4。由圖21BAC的硝化效果可知,在濾速14mh、進(jìn)水COD為1344~26.80試驗中BAC濾柱對氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮的去除效mgL下,出水COD為558~1518mgL,出水果見(jiàn)圖2圖3。由圖2圖3可知在進(jìn)水氨氮質(zhì)量CoD平均為1070mgL,BAC濾柱對COD的去濃度0204~0.984mgL、亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度除率為27.2%~61.8%,平均去除率為438%圖4顯0090~1003mg“L,水質(zhì)波動(dòng)比較大的情況下,示,在試驗運行42d的時(shí)間里BAC濾柱對CoD的BAC濾柱出水氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度都比較穩去除率并沒(méi)有因運行時(shí)間的增加而降低,所以BAC定,出水氨氮質(zhì)量濃度為0010.106mgL,平均濾柱對CoD的去除作用主要是由于生物氧化作用。值為0.056mgL出水亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度為一進(jìn):rN~個(gè)2oL.MA310運行時(shí)簡(jiǎn)30340“5圖4進(jìn)出水COD及BAC對其去除率的變化圖2進(jìn)出水氨氮及BAC對其去除率的變化Fig 4 Variation of concentration and removal of CoDFig 2 Variation of concentration and removal of ammonium23BAC與GAc的對比研究結果對BAC和GAC做了7組試驗,運行條件為:濾速14mh,進(jìn)水溫度243~281℃,DO為68去除率81mgL,pH為733~8.21,進(jìn)水氨氮質(zhì)量濃度0.207~0731mgL、亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度0.1390764mgL下,COD為1606~2576mg“L23.1中國煤化工圖3進(jìn)出水亞硝態(tài)氨及BAC對其去除率的變化CNMH(氮的處理效果見(jiàn)Fig3 Variation of concentration and removal of nitrite圖5圖6由圖5、圖6可知,BAC對氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮水處理技術(shù)第37卷第6期的去除率高達81.1%~897%和88:7%~970%,平處理中能同時(shí)去除含氮化合物、COD和懸浮顆粒物均去除率分別為855%和934%;GAC吸附除氨氮、等,且停留時(shí)間短,日處理能力強,本試驗用BAC濾亞硝酸鹽氮的效率很低,平均去除率分別只有柱的口處理能力可達1688L·d,可以與其它物理4.1%、30%,這和黃曉東研究的結果11.6%、14.8%化學(xué)技術(shù)結合用于循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養殖水處理系統中。有較大的出入,其原因可能是本試驗的進(jìn)水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度很低,GAC濾柱的濾速比較大,且3結論養殖廢水中的COD與之存在吸附競爭。BAC對氨在進(jìn)水氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度波動(dòng)較大的條氮的去除效果比GAC高20倍,顯示了生物處理氨件下,BAC濾柱出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮值都比較穩定,氮的優(yōu)越性。且出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮濃度基本上達到了花鰻用水水質(zhì)要求,水質(zhì)達標率分別為100%和976%,BAC表現出較強的抗氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮負荷沖擊能力在較高的濾速14mh1下,BAC濾柱對氨氮和0.5亞硝態(tài)氮的平均去除率分別達855%90.1%,說(shuō)明E活性炭易于附著(zhù)生長(cháng)微生物,BAC濾柱中附著(zhù)生長(cháng)BAC去除的硝化細菌數量較多BAC濾柱進(jìn)行期間,BAC對COD的去除效率試驗編號并沒(méi)有隨運行時(shí)間的增加而下降,表明BAC濾柱上圖5BAC與GAC對氨氮的去除效率Fig 5 Removal of ammonium by BAC and GAC附著(zhù)生長(cháng)了好氧菌群,COD主要由生物氧化去除其平均去除率為43.8%。在濾速14m·h3,低進(jìn)水氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮質(zhì)量濃度下,BAC對氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮的去除率是活性炭吸附去除率的20多倍。表明生物處理是一種有效地將氨轉化為硝酸鹽氮的方法。BAC去除系20GAc去陳事在濾速14mh,進(jìn)水COD為1606~2576mgL下,新炭吸附對COD的平均去除率為試驗編號圖6BAC與GAC對亞硝態(tài)氮的去除效率523%,表明活性炭對養魚(yú)廢水的有機物具有很強trite by BAC and GAC的吸附能力。232COD的處理效果對比BAC和GAC對COD的去除率見(jiàn)圖7。由圖7參考文獻:可知,新炭吸附對COD的平均去除率為52.3%,大叫 Wheaten F w.水產(chǎn)養殖工程M中國水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院東海水產(chǎn)于BAC的去除率41.9%,表明了活性炭對養殖廢水研究所和北京自動(dòng)化系統工程設計院譯北京農業(yè)出版社,198的COD有較強的吸附性能。[2] Simonel Sandu, Brian Brazil, Eric Hallerman Efficacy of a pilot-scale. Solids and carbonaceous compounds[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,200839:78-90.[3]郭恩彥譚洪新羅國芝等臭氧/生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)養殖廢水[環(huán)境污染與防治,20031(10):6-9[4]梁詠梅劉超斌劉偉等紫外光氯聯(lián)用污水消毒削弱拖尾程度的實(shí)驗研究[門(mén)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報,2010,30(4):762-767GAC出水BAC去除[S]梁詠梅劉超斌劉偉懸浮顆粒對污水氯消毒“拖尾”現象的影響[門(mén)環(huán)境科學(xué),2010,31(6):1470-147圖7BAC與GAC對COD的去除效率[6]黃東文孫娟花鰻的池塘養殖技術(shù)[門(mén)科學(xué)養魚(yú),2010.81Fig 7 Removal of CoD by BAC and GAC活性炭?jì)r(jià)格便宜,BAC使用壽命長(cháng),濾柱占地TH中國煤化工 Logical treatment systemsJ].Aquaculture, 1996, 139CNMHG面積小,基建費用低。BAC濾器用于水產(chǎn)養殖廢水黃曉婷等,生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養殖廢水研究saline wastewater with high ammonia concentration in an activated [13] Kalkan Cigdem, Yapsakli Kozet, Mertoglu Bulent, et al. Evaluationshudge unit[]. Water Research, 2002,36: 2555-2560of biological activated carbon (BAc) process in wastewater[9] Campos J L Garrido-Fermindez JM, M6ndez re, et al. Nitrificationtreatment secondary effluent for reclamation purposes p]at high ammonia loading rates in an activated sludge unit IDesalination, 201 1(265): 266-273resource Technolog, 1999(68): 141-148.[14劉建廣,張曉健王占生溫度對活性炭濾池處理高氨氮原水硝化[IO] Boopathy R, Bonvillain C, Fontenot Q, et al. Biological treatment的影響中國環(huán)境科學(xué)200424(2)233236of low-salinity shrimp aquaculture wastewater using sequencing [15]Imai A, Iwami n, Matsushige K, et al. Removal of refractory organbatch reactor []. Intermational Biodeterioration& Biodegradation,2007(59):16-19tached activaed carbon fluidized bed process [] Water Research,[ll] Cassidy D P, Belia E. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from an1993,27(1):143-14abattoir wastewater in a SBR with aerobic granular sludge [J).water[6]鄭平徐向陽(yáng)胡寶蘭新型生物脫氮理論與技術(shù)M]北京科學(xué)出Research2005(39)48174823版社,20044546[12] Lin Yingfeng, Jing Shuhren, Lee Deryuans et al. Nutrient remov[7黃曉東李德生吳為中等生物活性濾池的強化過(guò)濾研究門(mén)中from aquaculture wastewater using a constructed wetlands system國給水排水2001,17(8):10-13門(mén) Aquaculture,2002(209):169-184STUDY ON TERTIARY TREATMENT OF CIRCULATING AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER BYBIOLOGICAL ACTTVATED CARBONHuang Xiaoting", Chen Bing", Liu Wei, Qian Yujia(1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China2. The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaAbstract: In this paper, wastewater collected from circulating aquaculture treated by ozone oxidation disinfection, mechanical filter and bio-filter, wataken as influents, the tertiary treatment of N -N, NO N and coD in influents by biological activated carbon(Bac) was studied. The active carboninvestigated. The results showed that under the condition of the filtration rate of 14 mh, water temperature of23.3-30.3 C, and the pH of 7.35-8.06, the initial concentrations of NH -N, NO N, COD and do in the influents of 0.204--0.984 mg L-, 0.0901.003 mg L', 13. 44-26.80 mg Land 6.0--8.1 mg L'respectively, the mean removal rates of NH-N, NO, -N and COd by BAC were 85.5%, 90.1%and 43.8% respectively. The concentrations of NI -N and NO - N in the effluents were suit for the eel to live, the standards rate were 100%and.6%respectively. Under the condition of iltration rate of 14 m.h. low initial concentrations of NH -N, NO-N, active carbon adsorption processing had feweffects on the treatment of NH-N and NO2-N, but the removal rates of Cod by active carbon adsorption was 52.3%.Keywords: biological activated carbon; aquaculture wastewater; ammonia; nitrite上接第81頁(yè))STUDY ON MEMBRANE PRETREATMENT FOR SEAWATER REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM IN SHIPZou Shiyang, Zhang Jianping, Wu Junrong, Huang Fumin, Ding Binquan, Zhu Kangsheng(1. Naral Medica Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China: 2. The PLA NO 4812 Factory, Anging, 246016, China)Abstract The membrane pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis system (SWRO) in ship was investigated by domestic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) hollow fiber membrane in this paper. The experimental results showed that the membrane pretreatment could ensure filtrating water silt densityndex SDI between 1.9-2. 4, turbidity can be reduced to 0.4-0.8 NTU from the raw seawater turbidity reached 350-400 NTU, and flux between99.8--97.6 L. under the condition of membrane pretreatment 20 min, medicament and compressed air backwash 2 min, and filtrating waterbackwash 30 s, backwash water discharge 5, we could back purge with NaCIO and F中國煤化工 water backwash,, whichuld help the trans-membrane pressure (TMP)restore to 34-39 kPa. It showed 1CNMHperformance, steady inrformance, compact in frame, facilitated in operation, and met the correlative standaKeywords: seawater reverse osmosis; pretreatment; PVDF membrane; ship