An Analysis of English News Headlines

語(yǔ)時(shí)更需盡-番揣摩切磋之功，充分考慮譯文所涉及的目的和An Analysis of English語(yǔ)境，靈活運用翻譯技巧和方法，使其字面意義、語(yǔ)境意義News Headlines和隱含意義得到準確表達，所謂“譯事艱辛”也許正在于此。0孫昌娟參考文獻廣東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院[1] Lakeoff, G. & Johnson, M.Menaphors we live by[M], Chicago:Uaiversity of Chicago Press19804.[2]陳家旭. 英漢隱喻認知對比研究[M].上海:學(xué)林出版社，2007:8.[3]何鳳玲. 試論英諺漢譯的技巧Abstract: A headline is an indispensable component ofa news report and is the[J]. 牡丹江教育學(xué)院學(xué)報，eye of the pages on the newspapers, through which the readers can gain as much2006-3):43.information as possible in the newspaper within the sbortest tine and search for[4]李濤賢， 趙廣升.略論隱喻性諺clues to stories that interest them, as the headline is the condensation of the whole語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義特征[].宜賓學(xué)院學(xué)story. Despite their own characteristic ways of editing headlines, English newspapers報，203():81.share something in common, namely brevity, accuracy, clarity and eye catchingess.[5] 李文革西方翻譯理論流派[M].However, these features unique to English newspaper headlines constitute a big北京:中國社會(huì )科學(xué)出版社.barrier to readers' understanding of the headlincs and they may become quite at loss2004:139.{6] 束定券. 隱喻學(xué)研究[M].上海:when reading headlines at the very beginning, This thesis aims to make an analysis ofEnglish news headlines in terms of their features at structural, iexical and thetorical上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社. 200:9.levels and hopes to help readers understand English news headline better.[7]唐旭光. 從隱喻的角度批判英語(yǔ)Key words: English news headlines; lexical features; rhetorical Features30形象性諺語(yǔ)的意譯[小.廣西師范學(xué)院學(xué)報, 208();106..[中圖分類(lèi)號]H0-O [文獻標識碼]A [文章 編號] 109-6167(2012)06 00.03Abstract: Most English proverbsare metaphorical. A metaphorical1 Introductionproverb is characterized byNow in the information age, media are playing a significant role in people S daily life,double meanings, namely itscrossing the barrier of time and space to provide people with the latest news in the world.literal meaning and metaphoricalA piece of news is usually composed of a hcadline, a lead and a body. A newsmeaning, while the metaphoricalheadline, in Oxford Advanced I.carmer 's Englisb Chinese Dictioary, is defined as "Ilinemeaning can vary in differentof words prinred in large type at the top of a page. esp. in a newspaper." And Longmancontexts. So when a metaphoricalEnglisb-Cbinese Dictionary ofContemporary Englisb defincs it as the“the heading printedproverb is translated, its literalin larger lters above a story in a newspaper”. Taking these definitions into consideration,meaning, context-dependentwe may come to a conclusion: The headline is the line of words above a newspaper storymeaning or abstracted meaningusually printed in larger and beavier ltters and giving the gist of the story or article thatcan be translated according tofllows.different contexts, translation2 Structural Features of Englisb News Headlinepurposes or readers, while all the再translations are reasonable in theAccording to the content of the headline, we have one deck headline and two-deckShcadline. As its name suggests, a two deck bheadline has two parts: main beadline and sub-given situations.headline, which complement each other. Tbe two parts have their own functions, and theKey words; metapborical Englishfllowing are a few examples to ilustrate how the two parts work hand in hand.proverbs; semantic features;a(1) The main beadlitranslationr中國煤化e mks xaFor examplc, .TYHCNM H G_作者簡(jiǎn)介;孫昌娟，教師。研究方向:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)。Crisis in the science classroomCompletely new vogue words are created for the sake of the(2) Thc main bheadline introduces the core content of story; thecomputer' S development and hence always begin with somesub-headline provides important supplement. For example,newly-appearing prefix, such as E-, cyber, web, bio-, andAIDS: A Spreading Scourgetechno-, For example,(3) The main headline introduces the core content of the story;E-business電子商務(wù)nethead網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)the sub-headline arouses readers' interest. For example,4 Rhetorical Features of English News HeadilinesTbe Klling of Carol StuartNews must be universally absorbing and intriguing. And3 Lexical Features of English News Headlineboth vividness and humor are also the primary features of theThe language of newspaper headlines is special and hasheadline. In ordcr to achieve those effects, jourmnalists oftenits own fcature at the lexical, grammatical and rhetorical levels.employ some techniques to add favor to the language of tbeIt is characterized by its brevity. atractiveness and clarity. Theheadline, such as certain rhetorical devices.brevity of a headline is achieved through the use of sbort words,(1) Metaphorabbreviations and acronyms; sometimes words are even omitted.A metaphor is a figure of spech in which something is(1) Frequent Use of Midget Wordsdescribed by stating another thing with which it can be comparedSome of the short words whose sellings are familiar to uswithout using the words“as" or“l(fā)ike”. By knowing one of themcarry the meanings that are quite unfamiliar to lIs. For example,well, the readers will understand what the reporter really states inVoters go to the polls in Japannews story. For example,Union slammedBush builds new bridges in visit英語(yǔ)Here,“polls" has the same meaning as“voting station ",(2) Antithesis“slammed" means“criticized severely”. And these words areEmploying antithesis in headlines can make them vivid and場(chǎng)chosen in headines because they are sborter.impressive. For the readers, they can understand two parts well(2) Wide Use of Acronymsby contrasting the two extremes.學(xué)In order to save space, acronyms are frequently used in術(shù)newspaper headline. Most acronyms are usually for organizationCapital rich, revenue poor研究and countries, postions and vocations and other common things.(3) RhymeExamples:The employment of hyme in beadlines can make it soundPM=Prime minister(總理、首相)rhythmic and vivid.31PR=Public Relations (公共關(guān)系)The Great white wait(3) Wide Use of Shortened Words or AbreviationsHere rhyme is used in the headline in which “snow" isAbbreviation is very common in headlines, which has tworeplaced by“white”， and some grammatical parts are alsobenefits of saving space by reducing ltters and avoiding crossingomited. Hence tbree words ending with [] are applied one afterlincs. Since these abbreviations are frequently used, readersanother to make a great effect of forcefulness and urgency.can still get the complete meaning of them though clipped. For(4)Citationexample,The reporters bring their wit to the full play to create a lot ofLib Dems play to win as Tories defend Romseyheadlines witb ciation from technical terms, allusion and someHere“Lib" is the abbreviation of "Liberal" and" Dems" isidiomsthe abbreviation of" Dernocrats".1) Technical term(4) Flexible Use of Coinages or Once WordSome technical terms from other fields are occasionally usedWith the advantages of vivid expression and extraordinaryin beadlines 10 make them vivid and mimic.formation, the coinages are so popular in news headlines, henceWeary Pound Seck to 'stop the bleeding' in I0C scandalto be called“jourmalistic coinages ”, which are also called“once2) Alusionwords". As a resul, the coinage ofien presents great dificuliesUsing some alusions properly in headlincs can make themto the readers, who can only judge tbe meaning by getting cluescharning and impressive.from the context. For example,A Tale of Two DebtorsMedicidc-medical + suicide (醫助安樂(lè )死)The Silence of the Goatstcan= trash + can (垃圾箱)(5) Flexible Use of Vogue Words5 ConclusionIn bheadlines, there exist lots of vogue words which relecetEnglish news. headlincs have formed its own features atthe developing trace of the society and can be divided into twovarious li中國煤化工imotant rolecategories: old words with novel meanings and voguc words.in newspapeMHCNMHGlerstand themcorrectly. Thus it is meaningful to analyzethe unique features of headlines.建立在體驗哲學(xué)上的The language of English newsheadlines is the model of language that is認知語(yǔ)言學(xué)intensively compact and cleverly designedto serve the major purposes of tllig the口耿光旭趙延學(xué)news, drawing atention and establishing大連海洋大學(xué)外國語(yǔ)學(xué)院characters. By analyzing the languagefeatures of English news hcadlines, an[摘虱]認知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的哲學(xué)基礎是體驗哲學(xué)。體驗哲學(xué)包括三個(gè)基本原outline is given 8s to how linguisticdevices are applied to ncwspaper headlins.則:心智的體驗性、認知的無(wú)意識性、思維的隱喻性。在此基礎上的認知in order to meet their basic requirements.語(yǔ)言學(xué)是有別于形式語(yǔ)言學(xué)的新興學(xué)派。As some English iearners may find[關(guān)鍵詞]認知語(yǔ)言學(xué):體驗哲學(xué);范疇;象似性;理想認知模型it difcult to understand the meanings[中圖分類(lèi)號] H0-0 [文獻標識碼]Aof English news headlincs due to their[文章編號] 1009-67201206-0032-02unique features, this thesis has analyzedthe beadline language lexically and“認知語(yǔ)言學(xué)”是語(yǔ)言研究近年來(lái)興起的-一個(gè)學(xué)派或思潮。是語(yǔ)言學(xué)內rhetorically in order to facilitate readers部的一種研究范式，其特點(diǎn)是著(zhù)重闡釋語(yǔ)言和其他認知能力之間密不可分to acquire information in reading English的聯(lián)系。這- -研究范式發(fā)端于70年代，興起于美國西海岸, 80年代開(kāi)始活newspapers and understand the news躍起來(lái)，繼而擴展到西歐和全球，形成繼喬姆斯基革命之后的又-場(chǎng)革命。better.其范圍已擴展到語(yǔ)言學(xué)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，包括句法學(xué)、語(yǔ)義學(xué)、音系學(xué)、篇章分析等。認知講言學(xué)崇尚體驗哲學(xué)，以建設性心智主義、互動(dòng)論和聯(lián)通論為心理學(xué)基礎。它強調認知方式和主觀(guān)性在語(yǔ)義形成中的作用，同時(shí)也重參考文獻視社會(huì )文化和百科知識對于語(yǔ)義解讀的必要性。[] Bll,.The Largrunge ofNews Medio[M].Oxford: Basik BlackwellLd, 1991.體驗哲學(xué)的三條基本原則2] Evans, Harold. News Healine- -AnIlurrated Guide[M]. London: Mrrision在雷可夫和約翰遜1999 年合著(zhù)的《體驗哲學(xué)》-書(shū)中， 他們將上述思32想概括成三條基本原則:心智的體驗性、認知的無(wú)意識性、思維的隱喻性。& Gibb Ltd, 1974.(1)心智的體驗性3] Fowler, Roger. Language in the我們的概念、苑疇、推理和心智并不是外部現實(shí)客觀(guān)的、鏡像的反映，Nerwr[M], London: Routledge, 1991.而是由我們的身體經(jīng)驗形成的。因此，思維、心智、推理、范疇、意義是[4] The Missouri Group. News Reporing基于身體經(jīng)驗的，語(yǔ)自和句法不可能是自治的。心智模型如感知機制模型and Wring[M]. St Martin's Pres, 1991.[5]江彬. 英語(yǔ)新聞標題的文體特征分析和動(dòng)覺(jué)圖式模型，在語(yǔ)言學(xué)斗和推理中也能建構概念。(2)認知的無(wú)意識性[].大學(xué)學(xué)報, 2004.喬姆斯基語(yǔ)言觀(guān)認為推理、語(yǔ)言是無(wú)意識的。這-觀(guān)點(diǎn)對認知科學(xué)，61] 馬建國，馬桂花.新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)寫(xiě)作一從即“認知的無(wú)意識性”這一重要 結論作出了很大的貢獻。雷可夫二人認為，實(shí)例到實(shí)踐[M]外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版“認知”包括十分豐富的內容，諸如心智運作、概念系統、推理、語(yǔ)言，等社. 2005.等。認知的尤意識性是指對我們心智中的所思所想沒(méi)有直接的知覺(jué)，視覺(jué)、[] 林柏.英語(yǔ)新聞寫(xiě)作與編譯{M]對外經(jīng)聽(tīng)覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)、感覺(jué)等神經(jīng)加工過(guò)程是不可能被意識到的，沒(méi)有這種無(wú)意識濟貿易人學(xué)出版社，2007.思維，就沒(méi)有有意識思維。28[8]王化容. 標題ABC[M].新華出版社，(3)思維的隱喻性昌1991.傳統的分析哲學(xué)認為概念都是非隱喻性的，通過(guò)抽象符號與獨立于心9] 許明武英語(yǔ)新聞與翻譯[M].中國對外智的世界之間純粹的、客觀(guān)的關(guān)系來(lái)確定。體驗哲學(xué)強調客觀(guān)實(shí)際對認識的第一-性地位，必須依據客觀(guān)規律認識世界，堅持身體經(jīng)驗的基礎作用。翻譯出版公司.2002.再[10]張健英語(yǔ)新聞文體與范文分析[M]上在這三條基本原則中，心智的體驗性是最重要的原則。[川] 張瓊英語(yǔ)新聞的標題特點(diǎn)[湖南經(jīng)海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，19949.2體驗哲學(xué)之 上的認知語(yǔ)言學(xué)濟管理干部學(xué)院學(xué)報，2001.(1)“身心合一”的認知觀(guān)“認知語(yǔ)言學(xué)”干中“身心合一”的認知觀(guān)。心智和思維產(chǎn)中國煤化工生這個(gè)相互作用的過(guò)程YHC NMH G_作者簡(jiǎn)介:耿光旭，講師，碩士。研究方向:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)及應用語(yǔ)言學(xué)。