甲醇汽油對發(fā)動(dòng)機油低溫性能的影響

201l年1月潤滑與密封第36卷第1期LUBRICATION ENGINEERINGVol 36 No. IDoI:10.3969/jisn0254-0150.201101.022甲醇汽油對發(fā)動(dòng)機油低溫性能的影響尹興林王嬌董元虎(1.陜西通用石油化工有限公司陜西西安710043;2.上海同濟同捷科技股份有限公司上海201206;3.長(cháng)安大學(xué)汽車(chē)學(xué)院陜西西安710064)摘要:為考察甲醇汽油對發(fā)動(dòng)機油低溫性能的影響,通過(guò)向發(fā)動(dòng)機油中添加甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物甲酸、甲醛,分析其對油樣的傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)、低溫動(dòng)力黏度的影響。結果表明:甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物甲醛、甲酸對油樣的傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)影響較小;隨著(zhù)甲醇添加量的增加,油樣的低溫動(dòng)力黏度有增大的趨勢;在甲酸質(zhì)量分數為0θ.8%-1.2%時(shí),油樣的低溫動(dòng)力黏度值較大,但其增大的趨勢平緩。因此甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對發(fā)動(dòng)機油的低溫性能影響不大關(guān)鍵詞:甲醇汽油;發(fā)動(dòng)機油;低溫性能中圖分類(lèi)號:TE626.3文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0254-0150(2011)1-085-3The Effect of Methanol Gasoline on Low TemperaturePerformance of Engine oilYin Xinglin' Wang Jiao Dong Yuanhu'(L Shannxi Tongyong Petrochemical Co. Ltd, Xi'an Shaanxi 710043, China; 2. Tongjie Innova Engineering TechnologyCo., Ltd, Shanghai 201206, China; 3. School of Automobile, Chang an University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710064, China)Abstract In order to study the effect of methanol gasoline on the low temperature performance of engine oil, methanolgasoline and its simulated combustion products of formaldehyde and formic acid were added into the engine oils, and thepour point, solidification point and low temperature dynamic viscosity of the oil samples were analyzed. The results showthat the pour point and solidification point have little change with adding methanol gasoline and its simulated combustionoducts of formaldehyde and formic acid to the oil samples. The low temperature dynamic viscosity has slight increase withthe increase of methanol in methanol gasoline, and it is high as the mass fraction of formic acid is between 0. 8%-1 2%but the whole increase tendency is gentle with the increase of fomic acid. So the methanol gasoline and its simulated com-bustion products have little influence on the low temperature performance of engine oilsKeywords: methanol gasoline; engine oil; low temperature performance發(fā)動(dòng)機油良好的低溫性能是發(fā)動(dòng)機在嚴寒的冬季甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物甲酸溶液、甲醛溶液,測能夠正常啟動(dòng)、潤滑的有力保障。發(fā)動(dòng)機各潤滑部件定油樣的傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)、低溫動(dòng)力黏度等評定項目,從能及時(shí)得到良好潤滑,從而降低發(fā)動(dòng)機啟動(dòng)磨損和啟而分析甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對發(fā)動(dòng)機油低溫性動(dòng)功率損失。由于甲醇與汽油相比具有特有的理化性能的影響。能,如甲醇的沸點(diǎn)為64.8℃,比汽油的初餾點(diǎn)(301試驗材料及方法℃)要高2,甲醇汽油及其燃燒產(chǎn)物甲酸等在發(fā)動(dòng)1.1試驗材料機工作過(guò)程中,容易竄到曲軸箱中,與發(fā)動(dòng)機油混1)發(fā)動(dòng)機油:15W40SF汽油機油,長(cháng)城潤合。通過(guò)試驗研究發(fā)現3-6:甲醇汽油及其燃燒產(chǎn)物滑油公司生產(chǎn)對發(fā)動(dòng)機油的抗磨性能、清凈分散性能、氧化和硝化(2)甲醛溶液:HCHO的質(zhì)量分數37.0%性能均有負面影響。本文作者通過(guò)向發(fā)動(dòng)機油中添加40.0%,西安化學(xué)試劑廠(chǎng)生產(chǎn)。收稿日期:2010-06-30中國煤化工量分數不少于作者簡(jiǎn)介:尹興林(1979),男,工學(xué)碩士,工程師,主要從CNMHG油的組分見(jiàn)表1事潤滑劑開(kāi)發(fā)研究和設備潤滑節能工作.Emal; indic@si潤滑與密封第36卷表1幾種甲醇汽油組成(體積分數)物發(fā)生反應而影響到烴類(lèi)的傾點(diǎn)。從圖2中可以看Table 1 Component of methanol gasoline到,第5組油樣的傾點(diǎn)基本沒(méi)有變化,這是由于甲醛甲醉汽油MoM15M25M5M0M85常溫下是氣體,當加入油樣后加熱攪拌就會(huì )分散到空甲醇/%015.025.035.050.085.0氣中汽油/%10082.570.560.542.015.0助溶劑%02.54.54.58.00.0223第3組油第4組油1.2方案設計根據甲醇汽油及其燃燒產(chǎn)物的特點(diǎn),方案設計如下:共6組油樣,第1組油樣為不同種類(lèi)的甲醇汽油按質(zhì)量分數1%分別加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機油中;第2組油樣為不同種類(lèi)的甲醇汽油按質(zhì)量分數1%分別同質(zhì)量分數為1%甲酸以及質(zhì)量分數為1%的甲醛溶液加入發(fā)圖1油樣傾點(diǎn)隨甲醇質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)動(dòng)機油中;第3組油樣為不同種類(lèi)的甲醇汽油按質(zhì)量Fig 1 Variation of pour point of oil samples分數1%分別和質(zhì)量分數為1%的甲醛加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機with methanol mass fraction油中;第4組油樣為不同種類(lèi)的甲醇汽油按質(zhì)量分數1%分別和質(zhì)量分數為1%的甲酸加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機油中;第5組油樣為甲醛分別按質(zhì)量分數0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機油中;第6組油樣為甲酸分別按質(zhì)量分數04%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機油中;第7組油樣為不添加任何試劑的發(fā)動(dòng)機油。Mass fraction of formaldehyde/%1.3試驗方法按照上述方案設計配制油樣,并在恒溫65℃下,圖2第5組試樣傾點(diǎn)隨甲醛溶液質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)攪拌30min,冷卻密封油樣,靜止放置24h后,分Fig 2 Variation of pour point of Group 5 oil別測定傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)、低溫動(dòng)力黏度。油樣的低溫性能指標測試方法見(jiàn)表2所示。表2油樣的低溫性能指標測試方法Table 2 Low temperature performance test methods項目試驗方法國家標準傾點(diǎn)/℃石油傾點(diǎn)測定法GB/T3535凝點(diǎn)℃石油產(chǎn)品凝點(diǎn)測定法GB/TSI0Mass fraction of formic acid/%低溫動(dòng)力黏度/發(fā)動(dòng)機油表觀(guān)黏度測定法GB/T6538圖3第6組試樣傾點(diǎn)隨甲酸溶液質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)(mPa.s)(冷啟動(dòng)模擬機法)Fig 3 Variation of pour point of Group 6 oil2試驗結果分析2.1甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對發(fā)動(dòng)杋油傾點(diǎn)的2.2甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對發(fā)動(dòng)機油凝點(diǎn)的影響影響圖1~3示出了油樣傾點(diǎn)隨甲醇、甲醛和甲酸質(zhì)圖4~6示出了油樣凝點(diǎn)隨甲醇、甲醛和甲酸質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)?？梢钥闯?加人醇、醛、酸后對量分數的市可出出,田醇汽油及其模擬燃汽油機油的傾點(diǎn)無(wú)明顯的影響。這是由于發(fā)動(dòng)機油是燒產(chǎn)中國煤化工但影響較小,這由多種烴類(lèi)組成的復雜混合物,每一種烴都有它自己是由CNMHG種烴均有特定的的傾點(diǎn),因此這也就決定了發(fā)動(dòng)機機油的傾點(diǎn)。而加凝點(diǎn),而加入醇、醛、酸等物質(zhì)后不會(huì )和發(fā)動(dòng)機油中入醇、醛、酸等物質(zhì)后不會(huì )和發(fā)動(dòng)機油中的烴類(lèi)化合的烴類(lèi)化合物發(fā)生反應而影響到烴類(lèi)的凝點(diǎn)。2011年第1期尹興林等:甲醇汽油對發(fā)動(dòng)機油低溫性能的影響87一第1組油樣能與汽油機油中的部分添加劑發(fā)生反應,從而使發(fā)動(dòng)第2組油樣第3組油樣機油的低溫動(dòng)力黏度增大了?？傮w來(lái)講,甲醇及其模第4組油樣擬燃燒產(chǎn)物增大了發(fā)動(dòng)機油的低溫動(dòng)力黏度。315304567590第1組油樣第2組油樣圖4油樣的凝點(diǎn)隨甲醇質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)第3組油樣Fig 4 Variation of solidification point of oil第4組油樣圖7油樣低溫動(dòng)力黏度隨甲醇質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)Fig 7 Variation of low temperature dynamic viscosityof oil samples with methanol mass fraeEg圖5第5組油樣凝點(diǎn)隨甲醛溶液質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)Fig 5 vample with formaldehyde mass fraction圖8第5組油樣低溫動(dòng)力黏度隨甲醛溶液質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)ty ofup 5 oil sample with formaldehyde mass fraction的圖6第6組油樣凝點(diǎn)隨甲酸溶液質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)Fig 6 Variation of solidification point of Group 6oil sample with formic acid mass fractionMass fraction of formic acid/%圖9第6組油樣低溫動(dòng)力黏度隨甲酸質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)2.3甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對發(fā)動(dòng)機油低溫動(dòng)ig 9 Variation of low temperature dynamic viscosity of力黏度的影響Group 6 oil sample with formic acid mass fraction圖7~9示出了油樣低溫動(dòng)力黏度隨甲醇、甲醛和甲酸質(zhì)量分數的變化曲線(xiàn)。從圖7可看出,隨著(zhù)甲3結論醇質(zhì)量分數的增加低溫黏度有增大的趨勢;從圖8可(1)甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對發(fā)動(dòng)機油的以看出,加入甲醛的油樣對低溫動(dòng)力黏度的影響不傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)有一定的負面影響,但影響較小。大,這是因為甲醛常溫下是氣體,加入發(fā)動(dòng)機油中(2)甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物使發(fā)動(dòng)機油的后,很容易揮發(fā)出去;從圖9可以看出,加入甲酸溶低溫中國煤化工低溫啟動(dòng)性能有負液后油樣的低溫動(dòng)力黏度增大,且在甲酸質(zhì)量分數在面影0.8%-1.2%之間時(shí)低溫動(dòng)力黏度值比較大,但整體CNMH〔模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對變化趨勢平緩。這是由于加入的甲醇、甲酸等物質(zhì)可發(fā)動(dòng)機油低溫性能的影響不大。(下轉第116頁(yè)116潤滑與密封第36卷副的動(dòng)態(tài)系統和磨損機制,達到減少磨損的目的?！?2】林子光蔡軍王恩鴻高溫線(xiàn)接觸條件下表面抗磨損性能參考文獻的試驗研究[門(mén)]潤滑與密封,20,25(1):43-44【】嚴新平,謝友柏,李曉峰,等.一種柴油機磨損的預測模型與【13】范春起張英才張厚君等缸套激光淬火的網(wǎng)格效應試驗研究[門(mén)].摩擦學(xué)學(xué)報,1996,16(4):358-366[J].河北工業(yè)科技,199,16(1):5-8.(2 1 Toms L A Machinery Oil Analysis-methods, Automation& [14] Gadelmawla E S, Koura MM, Maksoud TM A, et al. 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