Analysis of the Structure of Shakespeare’s Sonnets

外語(yǔ)論壇科技視界科技.探索●爭鳴Analysis of the Structure of Shakespeare s Sonnets李鵬(昆明學(xué)院,云南昆明650214)[Abstract]The sonnet is a kind of lyrics with restrict forms which cannot depart from the contents. Shakespeare's sonnels are like a valuableflower blossoming in the England poetry garden during the age of Renaissance and a bright pearl sparkling in the world' s poetry treasury. This paperwill analyze his sonnets from the perspective of the structure and then interpret the meanings behind those words, which can demonstrate theimpotance of the comne[Key words ]Shakespeare's Sonnets;Structure analysis; Forms and contentsBrief Introduction of Shakespeare's SonnetsTime doth transfix the flourish set on youth,And delves the parallels in beauty's brow,Poetry is an integer united highly by the content and its form. ThFeeds on the rarities of nature' s truth,ormn which content and theme are connected well can play a role ofAnd nothing stands but for his scythe to mow.carrier to expatiate and depict, and then can explore and convey theAnd yet to times in hope my verse shall stand,sulbject with deepening and improving the thenPraising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.diversity of poems, the sonnet is a kind of lyrics with restrict forms whichShakespeare emphasized the cruelty of time to serve as a foil to thecannot depart from the content. When a poet produces a sonnet, he willeternality of his own poem. In the three quatrains, the poet focused onpay attention to not only the words he has chosen, but also the form hethe cruelty of time. In the first quatrain, the poem started the view ofhas adopted, because the form will be important in expressing the poet' srapidly running of time and strenghened such point of view in theideas as well as the diction.The sonnets originated from those ballads of Italia and became moresecond quatrain by talking about that time would tear its presents toshreds. And then in the third quatrain, the poem went further about thisand more farmous for the series of love sonnets of Petrachey. Al first, itview that time would destroyed all the things in the world. In order towas Sir Thomas White introduced the sonnetsinto the EnglislLater on, Henry Howard has changed the original rhythm into abab cdedstand out the theme, the poet gave us some real examples to demonstrateefef gg with the fom made up of four stanzas, that is, three quatrains andthe cruelty of time in these quatrains in which the speed of timedestroying the things became more and more rapid and the power of thatone couplet. Afer him, writing sonnets became more and more popular inbecame more and more strong, and for the result, the conflict becameEngland and especially Shakespeare was the most prestigious and he hasmore and more intense. Until the twelfth line, the poem goes up itsput forward the sonnets to the summit.2 The Structure Characters of Shakespeare' s Sonnetsreaphook of time. Reading this line, you will feel hopeless for theFor the rhythm, Shakespeare followed the one of Henry Howarddescription of time's cruelly has been reaching the limit. But al thatwithout any changes. However, he has sessully conquered andmoment, the poet turned suddenly and pointed out that there was stillonly one thing could fight with time, that is his own poetry by which hisexceeded the sonnet 8 form on the basis of original structure and byfriend will cary on his beauty forever.using it silfully,l therefore, his sonnets are something uniquely beautiful 2.2 The Logicality of the Structuredifferent from other regular ones. As a successor and explorer,Shakespeare has reformned the strueture of the sonnet according toShakespeare inherited and developed the sonnets of Edmund Spencer.the characters of English language and at last made sonnets more2.1 The Unity of the Structbrilliant. The thinking model of English people can be said as Three -stages including put forwarding the point, arguing for it and then drawingstarting, holding, changing and closing through the structure of threethe conclusion about it. Shakespeare s sonnets have characterized suchquatrains and one couplet by focusing on one subje. The couplet eches kind of thinking model wih arguing for the same point from threethose quatrains each other for the purposes of concluding the wholedifferent aspects. In the end of the sonnet, he would concluded by asonnet, indicating the theme and making the finishing point and becomescouplet. We can lake his Sonnet 73 as an example.into the epigram of this sonnet usually. His sonnets will argue one issuein the three quatrains and put the conclusion into the last couplet whichis the sumnit of logie rationing. In the three quatrains, the ise or theWhen yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hangconflict will be introduced in the first quatrain, and be argued in theUpon those boughs which shake against the cold,second one, then be argued further in the third one, and until beBare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.concluded in the couplet, ending with an epigram. Following we willIn me thou see' st the twilight of such dayanalyze Sonnet 60, a sonnet with perfect structure. .As after sunset fadeth in the west,Sonnet 60Which by and by black night doth take away,Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore,Death's second self that seals up all in rest.So do our minutes hasten to their end;In me thou see' st the glowing of such fire,Each changing place with that which gs before,That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,In sequent toil all forwards do contend.As the death-bed whereon it must expire,Nativity, once in the main of light,Consumed with that which it was nourished by.Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crowned,This thou perceiv' st, which makes thy love more strong,Crooked eclipses' against his glory fight,To love that wvell which thou mst leave ere lnngAnd time that gave doth now his gift confound.中國煤化工YHCNMH G作者簡(jiǎn)介:李鵬(1980- -),女 ,四川射洪人,碩士,昆明學(xué)院外國語(yǔ)學(xué)院,講師,研究方向為商務(wù)英語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)。Science & Technology Vision 科技視界| 205科技.探索●爭鳴科技視界外語(yǔ)論壇This poem discussed the last months of one person. The structure of friendship by using such kind of structure of ilustrating inner tensility.4-4-4-2 is obvious. The three quatrains have consisted of 12 lines by In beginning of this sonnet, the poet described a common personthe dusk of sunset and the flame of fuel going out. All these metaphors socielty. The controversial and complicated psychology of the person hashave shown us a picture of the person will die correctly and romantically been depicted vividly. However, such person will change into another oneas well. The last lwo lines are the turning point and have drawn the totally different whenever he reminds his friend, from a person buryingconclusion that you will become more faithful because your lover is himself into the dust to a lark flying high into the sky, singing anddying. It can be said that the structure of Shakespeare' s sonnets can hovering in the endless sky. At that time, the poet showed disdain for themake the poet spout his deep feelings and express freely without any things on this earth and even he would not exchange his own to thelimitation. When the inner felings of the poet have reached the summit, wealth and position of the distingished king. It can be seen from thisthe poem will end without any hesitation through the couplet, clearly， poefficiently and decisively. All these have demonstrated the super power of by Shakespeare's structure of balloon, which makes the readers becomethe poet' s control of the feelings of his own.into the poet to feel the dramatic psychology full of conflicts.2.3 The Cortollability of the StructureShakespeare's sonnets are like the balloon and the string. Just3 Conclusionimagine that in his sonnets, the poet describing or arguing his point ofThe special structure of Shakespeare's sonnets has developed aview by the twelve lines is like one is charging to a blloon. As the kind of tensility to.to express a certain strong feling and even thedevelopment of the poem lines, the poet express the felings more andcontradiction and confict. Therefore, the strueture here is necessary.more strong, which is like a blloon becomes from a small one into a What's more, the structure has played a very impotant role in expressinglarge one. The lwelfth line is the summnit of the poem and thatislikethe the real felings of the poet, exploring the theme of the poem andballoon has bulged to its limit. If one will charge more to the blloon, itimproving the thoughts. Especially, “the couplet has left the readers awill break immediately. At this moment, the poet ended the poem at once kind of undoubted impression with a powerful conclusion." Furthermore,and concluded the poem. The ending and concluding of the poem is like“"the couplet usually designed uniquely with surprising words, which isthe string pricking the bllo and plays an important role in the forming the eye of the whole poem and also can be said an aphorism.”of the whole blloon. If there is no such string, the shriveled blloon will Undoubtedly, the theme and conception ofnot appear and exist in a full form. For that, we can read Sonnet 29 and impartant but not perfect without other aspects. The poem will show itsfeel it.attraction fully through its real unity by the strueture and content.Sonnet 29Shakespeare’s sonnets have connected the deep thoughts and excellentWhen in disgrace with fortune and men' s eyes,artitry with both the structure and spirit, bringing the readers foreverI all alone beweep my outcast state,happiness and vivid resonance. They will keep the distinguished stalus inAnd trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,the lyric treasury of England and the world. SAnd look upon mysel, and curse my fate,W ishing me like to one more rich in hope,[參考文獻]Featured like him, like him with friends po[1]Chen Jia. Selected Readings in English Literature[M]. Beijing:The CommercialDesiring this man's art, and that man 's scope,Press, 1986.With what I most enjoy contented least,[2]Li Mingqiang. Shakespeare's Sonnets Edited, with Notes and ChineseYet in these thoughts my self almost despising,Translation in Prose[M]. Kunming: Y unnan University Press , 2008.[3; ]Qian Zhaoming, The Sonnets[M]. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1995.Haply I think on thee, and then my state,[4]莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)集前部[M]辜正坤.譯北京:北京大學(xué)出版社，1998.Like to the lark at break of day arising[5)莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)[M].辜正坤,譯北京:中國對外翻譯出版公司、2008.From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven' s gate.[6]王佐良,李賦寧英國文學(xué)名著(zhù)選注[My.北京:商務(wù)印書(shū)館, 1983.For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsbngsThat then I scom to change mymy state with kings.[責任編輯:丁艷]Shakespeare expressed his praise and admiration to his friend and(上接第167頁(yè))3.1我們可以 看出濟南部分高校的晨練進(jìn)行的比較思想教 育,磨練他們的意志力,促進(jìn)校風(fēng)的建設。3.4 注意晨練次數和練習時(shí)間但部分學(xué)生對晨練態(tài)度和目的認識不到位,建議加強對這部分學(xué)從濟南部分高校大學(xué)生參加晨練次數和練習時(shí)間來(lái)看,大多數女生的晨練教育。生參加晨練次數在五次以上，男生參加次數在3- -4次，練習時(shí)間在3.2 根據學(xué)生的具體情況合理安排晨練內容,使晨練科學(xué)化30-60分鐘。晨練的效果比較好,但部分學(xué)生參加次數少,練習時(shí)間通過(guò)調查大學(xué)生中男生傾向于新穎刺激，對抗的項目(籃球、足短。 ( S球、排球等)練習,女生傾向于非直接對抗,節奏明顯輕松愉快的項目(健美操.跑步、羽毛球等)練習。在學(xué)校晨練活動(dòng)的積極性.還要作到組織形式多樣化、內容豐富多彩的晨練活動(dòng),并要制定訓練計劃(周、[1 ]王彤駐泰高校大學(xué)生晨練現狀的調查研究[，泰山學(xué)院學(xué)報2011..月、年計劃等)。使晨練有序的進(jìn)行開(kāi)展。這樣既活潑了學(xué)生的興趣、又[2]盛加利.普通高校大學(xué)生晨練健 身情況調查與分析1J湖北體有科技205.0.0.0使學(xué)生在參加晨練的過(guò)程中有所收獲。3.3提高早鍛煉意識[責任編輯:王春燕]提高在校學(xué)生參加早鍛煉的意識,其次還應該加強對在校學(xué)生的中國煤化工(_上接第143頁(yè))目質(zhì)量控制J.沿海企業(yè)與科技207011).2011(13). .[2]朱穗斌.市政給排水工程施工管理要點(diǎn)分析[].科技信息:科學(xué)教研, 2007MYHCNMH G .[責任編輯:劉帥](méi)[3]應明關(guān)于市政給排水工程中節水問(wèn)題的思考]城市建設理論研究:電子版,206| 科技視界Science & Technology Vision