Stylistic Analysis on English Varieties

外語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言研究Stylistic Analysis on English Varieties朱建麗.(西安外事學(xué)院外國語(yǔ)學(xué)院陜西西安710077)Abstract: There are primarily three factors infuencing the stylistic varieties: field of discourse, mode of discourse, tenor of discourse. The varietiesof social relations may direcly work on the speaker' $ phonetic, vocabulry, scntence pattern and etc. These varieties consist of frrmaliy. politenes,impesonality and acssbiliy. When a speaker converses with diferent subjects in diferent occasions, the language he has chosen will vary greatly.Regarding this point, the author does not intend to provide the readers with accurate dat, but a generl analysis of legl documents and advertisementstespectively on the fllowing major levels.Key Words: vocabulary, sentence ptem, gammar, retoric1. Legal Documents7.Feel the new space.If during the hiringniring you ascertain that I have made8.No business too small, no problem too big.a false statenent in this offer or in relation thereto9. The relentless pursuit of perfection.or that I踏now or hereafter a convicted person or if I10.Are you going grey too early?shall during the hiring (a) make default in any paymentAds are made to appeal to the prospective customers,or commit any breach hereunder; or(b) do suffer orthus they have the features of being informative,omit any act, matter or thing which in your opinion is believable, impressive, persuasive and easy reading.prejudicial to your interest in the Goods or your rights1. Vocabularyhereunder, then and in any such event you shall become1) Simple short words are more favored than thoseentitled to mediate possession of the Goods, subject long and fancy words. The longest word in the aboveto any rights conferred upon me by law to resupe theexamples is“ perfection”containing only ten letters.hiring, and ay retake possession thereof and upon such Ads are usually delivered in a colloquial way， easyrepossession in the hiring shall terminate.to read, easy to understand. The readers can be moreLegal documents mainly deal with human rights and acceptive to what the ads say.obligations，thus requires the accuracy of the words2) Most words used for ads are positive andwithout any ambiguity. The above passage is part of a affirnative, since they are chosen to persuade theinstallment contract. It has the following features:customers to buy. In the above ten ads, only the word“grey”is an exception.aThe use of archaic words is very obvious, such as2. Sentence patternthereto, hereafter, hereunder, thereof.1) There are mainly three types of Englishb.Long big words are used quite often in the passage sentences: declarative sentence, interrogative sentence,such as ascertain, breach, mediate, repossession, and imperative sentence. Declarative sentences areterninate.used in all types of English works. But interrogativec. "Shall” is used twice in this contract. In the sentences, and imperative sentences which are moreunofficial documents it would be certainly replaced byoften used in oral English now also frequently appear“must”or “to be to'in English ads. These two types of sentences call forirmediate reaction that' s also fit the ads. In the aboveThere is only one sentence in this contract, but 8 ten examples, there are three iuperative sentences, twlines long, only 5 punctuations . The sentence is much interrogative sentences.longer than an average English sentence with usually2) The use of elliptical sentences is common.17words. The sentence structure is very complicated Exaople 2，8 and 9 are all incomplete sentencescontaining many subordinate clauses and modifiers, thus consisting of only nouns, adjectives, and prepositions,difficult to understand,no verbs.3. Gramar3) Another feature of the English ads is that1) The position of the adverb "during the hiring”past tense is rarely used. In these examples, no one isis very unusual， for it lies between“shall" and expressed in the past tense. The past tense is not used“make default， do suffer or omit". It' s placed here for it' s thought to be connected with the past ，butto avoid mi sunderstanding. Used after“shall" ，the ads are made to attract customers' attention to thadverb“ during the hiring” tells the readers that thipresent and future . Moreover, the use of present tensecondition fits the following two situations and three makes the favorable features of the goods permanent, andverbs. Such usage is very common in the legal documents.no other tenses can achieve such a result.2) Concerning logic organization, here is a pattern:3. RhetoricIf X, then Y shall do Z. In this paragraph, there are twoExample 2, example 5 and example 8 share a sa“if” clauses, the conclusion are‘ you shall becomefeature. An obvious contrast is revealed to theentitled-*and ay retake possessin*."” and “ the hiring readers by the use of antonyms: “soft" and“hard”shall terminate."iapossible" and "possible" ,“big”and “small" .In .I1. Advertisomentsthis stIn' t help reaching1. Take Toshiba, take the world.for the中國煤化工beaprse 202. Soft shoes for hard world8 certaiMHCNMHG3.Who said human can’t fly?4.Come to where the flavor is. Marlboro Country.作者簡(jiǎn)介5. Impossible made possible.朱建麗西安外事學(xué)院外國語(yǔ)學(xué)院英語(yǔ)二系講師， 主要從事芙語(yǔ)6.We lead. Others copy.閱讀教學(xué)。86萬(wàn)方效據