An Analysis of Liberal Education in Western Culture

人文社科科技信息又要避免噦嗦，以及在原文基礎上用自已的思想代替講話(huà)者的思想。指導性,比如記憶的訓練.筆記的記錄以及譯語(yǔ)表達等技巧?？傊?釋可見(jiàn),語(yǔ)言表達能力的訓練,對于口譯工作極為重要。若是無(wú)法清晰完意派理論對口譯理論系統完整的闡述,對我們的口譯學(xué)習和實(shí)踐意義整的表達.前面過(guò)程中的所有努力就只能功虧一簣。重大?？梢?jiàn)， 口譯過(guò)程不僅僅是“代碼轉移”的過(guò)程.而是譯員在理解原語(yǔ)之后,脫離原語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言外殼,即擺脫原語(yǔ)的外在形態(tài)和語(yǔ)言結構等形式上參考文獻的束縛,獲取原語(yǔ)要傳遞的交際意義,以譯語(yǔ)的形式表達出來(lái)的復雜過(guò)[1]劉和平.口譯技巧[M].北京:中國對外翻譯出版公司,2001.程。[2]許鈞,袁筱一.當代法國翻譯理論[M].武漢:湖北教育出版社,綜上所述,起始于上世紀60年代末的巴黎釋意派翻譯理論,在口2001.譯實(shí)踐的基礎上做了大量的理論研究。這些研究，改變了傳統翻譯理[3]王斌華.口譯即釋意?一關(guān) 于釋意理論及有關(guān)爭議的反思[J].論對口譯的理解.同時(shí)也對口譯實(shí)踐和口譯教學(xué)起到了重要意義。另.外語(yǔ)研究2008.(5).外通過(guò)對釋意理論的簡(jiǎn)單了解,作者發(fā)現其對口譯技巧也具有重要的[4]周紅虹釋意派理論對口譯的啟和[j].廣西大學(xué)學(xué)報,2009.(4).An Analysis of Liberal Education in Western Culture渭南師范學(xué)院外國語(yǔ)學(xué)院劉景[ Abstract]Through an analysis of liberal education' s definitions and characteristics in westerm culture, some suggestions towards China ' shigher education are put forward in the end of the paper, with the hope that improvement and innovations would occur in the Chinesehigher leaming system.[Key Words ]liberal education wisdom high quality higher educationThe popularity of Pragmatism and Uilitarianism in the 20th. centuryhas affected higher education dramatically around the world. To cater for influence and restriction by his family background, personal experiencespeople ' s job-hunting and wealth -obtaining purposes, colleges and universi- and social reality; the one who can improve himself into a height where heties employ the curricula that relate closely to industry and technology. Yet, and nature can live harmoniously.too much stress on material benefts that higher education may bring has fi-3. Enlightenment for the Higher Education in Chinanally resulted in a humanism loss among younger generation. In such a situ-Actually, the spirit of liberal education has existed in China' s educa-ation, liberal education is once more advocated, especially in western coun: -tional philosophy long time ago. Chinese ancestors valued liberal arts train-tries.ing high. The purpose of leaming is stated clear in the Great Leaming:“the1. What is "Liberal Education"way of the great learning involves manifesting virtue, renovating the people,Liberal education has a long tradition in westerm civilization. The be-and abiding by the highest good. ”However, in moderm timnes, bearing pres-ginnings of this educational philosophy can be traced back as far as to an-sures coming from the national desire for quick economice development andcient Greece. Plato once suggested that education in the highest sense wasparents' hope for considerable investment return, universities and collegesphilosophy. And philosophy was quest for wisdom or quest for knowledge re-in China have been geared toward early specialization aimed at producinggarding the most important, the highest, or the most comprehensive things.‘ job- -ready" graduates. Yet, since liberal education is necessary for a na-He believed such knowledge was virtue and happines. In medieval times,tion' ' 8 cohesion and continuous development, it seems some reforms shouldthe tiviumn (granmar, rhetorie, and logic) and quadivium (arithmetie, geom-be carried out in China ' s higher education system.etry, astonomy, and music) were the main subjects of liberal education.First, promote the liberal educational spirit and make it understood andWhile in Renaissance, some social sciences were included. In the 19th. cen-accepted by people.tury, John Henry Newman, a Roman Catholic priest and cardinal, argued:Second, involve the liberal arts subjects into the curricula of higher ed-"This process of training, by which the intelleet, instead of being formed orucation.sacrificed to some particular or accidental purpose, some specific trade orThird, change the conventional standard for the able- -person assess-or science, is disciplined for its own sake, for the percep-t and stress thicance of high-quality men.tion of its own object, and for is own4. Conclusionusioncation; and though there is no one in whom it is carried as far as is conceiv-Liberal education is an important segment of westerm culure. It sur-able, yet there is scarcely any one but may gain an idea of what real training vived challenges of various educational thoughts in certain historical timesis, and at least look toward it, and make its true scope, not something else, and today is valued higher and higher. The core of it一to help people ob-his standard of excellence (qtd. in Kirk)." In modern times, Professor Leo tain wisdom, high quality and complete personality, has been well appreciat-Strauss”in his speech explained“What is Liberal Education" . He stated: ed by many universities and colleges in most developed countries. Though it"Liberal education consists in reminding oneself of human excellence, of hu- was advocated in ancient China, to make it a key part in the present Chineseman greatness." Influenced by him, his student Allan Bloom called for a uni-educational ideology, there is still a long way to go.versity that stood "intransigently for humane learning." In his book ThClosing of the American Mind, Bloom said:“Education in our times must tryNotesto find whatever there is in students that might yearm for completion, and to①Leo Strauss (September 20, 1899- - October 18, 1973) was a Ger-reconstruct the leaming tthat would enable them autonomously to seck thatman-bom American politial philosopher who specialized in cassical polit-ical philosophy. He spent most of his career as a professor of politial sci-In fact, no matter what definitions the liberal education may have in dif-ence at the University of Chicago, where he taught several generations offerent historical times, its core has not been changed-- to help people ob- students and published 15 books.tain wisdom, high quality and complete personality.2. Characteristics of Liberal EducationReferencesToday, liberal education is emphasized as the opposition of professional[1] Bloom, Allan. “The Closing of the American Mind (extracted)."education. With the quick economic repayment as their goal, colleges andReadings in Weatern Culure. Ed. Du Ruiqing. xi' an: Northwestermtheir students now pay too much attention to the job- needed knowledge andPolytechnical University Press, 1997.skills, which, according to some critics and educationalists, brings our soci-[2] Kirk, Russell. “The Conservaive Purpose of a Liberal Educa-ety many visible and invisible problems. Different from that, the purpose oftion." The Classical Teacher Spring (2007). 23 March 2008 .基金項目:本文系陜西省教育廳人文社科研究項目,編號:1JK0403。作者簡(jiǎn)介:劉景(1982-),女，陜西省大荔縣人,陜西省渭南師范學(xué)院外國語(yǔ)學(xué)院講師,英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)碩士,研究方向為英語(yǔ)國家研究。-215-